【目的】明确郊野公园吸引力的影响因素,构建专项评价体系,为提高郊野公园的到访率和使用率提供理论依据,以更好地发挥郊野公园的绿地效益。【方法】构建推力、拉力、阻力三维分析框架,研究游客对郊野公园吸引力的全过程评价。选取南京市4个建设较完善的郊野公园开展问卷调查,运用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行因子分析和主成分分析,借助计算公式得出各指标和因子的权重,再将权重与各项指标得分代入引力模型以获取综合评价得分,并与游客打分和网络评分作比较。【结果】在推力维度中,放松身心、社交与认知体验以及自我与成就因子的影响程度相近,其中自我与成就、社交与认知体验的影响程度略高;在拉力维度里,自然环境、科普教育和服务设施的影响程度较高;在阻力维度中,时间与经济成本的影响程度较高。基于引力模型得出的吸引力得分与游客打分、网络评分结果大体一致,这表明构建的郊野公园吸引力评价体系可指导郊野公园的规划设计与改造提升。【结论】构建了有别于其他类型绿地的郊野公园特有的吸引力评价体系;从推力、拉力、阻力3方面展开的评价体系拓宽了郊野公园游客评价的视角;依据权重结果提出的吸引力提升策略,为增加郊野公园客流量和使用率提供了依据。

【Objective】This research aims to identify factors influencing the attractiveness of country-side parks, construct a specialized evaluation system, and provide a theoretical basis for improving visitation rates and utilization rates, thereby enhancing the green space benefits of country-side parks.【Method】A three-dimensional analytical framework of push, pull, and resistance factors was constructed to evaluate the entire process of visitors’ perception of the attractiveness of country-side parks. Four well-developed country-side parks in Nanjing were selected for questionnaire surveys. SPSS 22.0 was used to conduct factor analysis and principal component analysis on the data. The weights of each indicator and factor were calculated using specific formulas. The weights and indicator scores were then incorporated into a gravity model to obtain comprehensive evaluation scores, which were compared with visitor ratings and online reviews.【Result】Within the push factor dimension, the influences of relaxation, social and cognitive experiences, and self-fulfillment and achievement were comparable, with self-fulfillment and achievement and social and cognitive experiences having slightly higher impacts. In the pull factor dimension, natural environment, science education, and service facilities exhibited significant influences. In the resistance factor dimension, time and economic costs were the most impactful. The attractiveness scores derived from the gravity model were largely consistent with visitor ratings and online reviews, demonstrating that the constructed evaluation system for country-side park attractiveness holds theoretical significance for the planning, design, and enhancement of country-side parks.【Conclusion】This study developed a unique evaluation system for the attractiveness of country-side parks, distinct from other types of green spaces. By incorporating push, pull, and resistance factors, the evaluation system enriches the perspective of visitor assessments for country-side parks. The attractiveness enhancement strategies proposed based on the weight results provide a scientific basis for increasing visitor flow and utilization rates of country-side parks.