观果海棠品种果实观赏特征分析

徐天炜; 张往祥; 冯岚; 陆晓吉; 余鹏飞

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312028

观果海棠品种果实观赏特征分析

徐天炜, 张往祥, 冯岚, 陆晓吉, 余鹏飞

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 183-190.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 183-190. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312028

研究论文

观果海棠品种果实观赏特征分析

徐天炜 ¹ ,
张往祥 ¹^,²^,^* ,
冯岚 ¹ ,
陆晓吉 ¹ ,
余鹏飞 ³

作者信息 +

Analysis of ornamental fruit characteristics in crabapple cultivars

XU Tianwei ¹ ,
ZHANG Wangxiang ¹^,²^,^* ,
FENG Lan ¹ ,
LU Xiaoji ¹ ,
YU Pengfei ³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】以30个观果海棠品种为研究对象,对果实色彩观赏特征进行分析,旨在为观果海棠育种与景观应用提供参考。【方法】基于对果实色彩时令特征的观测,确定参试各品种所在色系类群和适宜观赏期,分析观果海棠品种群的色彩和时令多样性与互补性。【结果】基于果实色彩参数聚类分析,当欧氏距离=3时,将海棠分为绿色系(10.0%)、黄色系(16.6%)、橙色系(6.7%)、红色系(60.0%)和紫色系(6.7%)5个色系;就亮度值(L^*)而言,绿色系(67.7)>黄色系(64.9)>橙色系(46.5)>红色系(32.6)>紫色系(20.5);海棠果实的最佳观赏期主要集中于“三秋”时令(9—11月),观赏多度指数呈现正态分布规律,其中初秋为50.0%、中秋为60.0%、晚秋为63.3%;最佳观赏期平均为1.5个月,最短为1个月,最长达3个月;基于对果实的色彩鲜艳度、果面光泽及斑点有无,将30个观果海棠品种的色彩观赏性分为3个等级(A、B、C),其中A等级品种有‘寒烟翠’、‘红珠宝’、‘红鸥’、‘红珍珠’、‘虹图’、‘盛夏’、‘十月光辉’和‘雨霁’。【结论】观果海棠品种果实色彩丰富度提高,群体观赏季和单品种观赏期延长,多色系、多时令的观果品种可以为秋季旅游观赏提供重要支撑,对促进海棠旅游产业发展具有重要意义。

Abstract

【Objective】This study investigated the ornamental characteristics of fruit color in 30 ornamental crabapple cultivars, aiming to provide references for breeding and landscape applications. 【Method】Seasonal variations in fruit color were observed to classify cultivars into color groups and determine optimal viewing periods. The diversity and temporal complementarity of fruit color within the cultivar group were systematically analyzed.【Result】The results showed that:cluster analysis of fruit color parameters (Euclidean distance = 3) categorized the cultivars into five color series: green (10.0%), yellow (16.6%), orange (6.7%), red (60.0%), and purple (6.7%).Brightness values followed the hierarchy: green series (67.7) > yellow series (64.9) > orange series (46.5) > red series (32.6) > purple series (20.5). The optimal fruit viewing period was at the same tinie frame in autumn (September-November), with cultivar diversity index showing a normal distribution pattern: early-autumn (50.0%), mid-autumn (60.0%), and late-autumn (63.3%). The average optimal viewing duration was 1.5 months, with the shortest being 1 month and the longest neaching 3 months. Based on color vividness, surface gloss, and spot presence, the ornamental value of the 30 cultivars was classified into three tiers (A-C). Top-tier (A) cultivars included Malus ‘Han Yancui’, M. ‘Red Jewel’, M. ‘Hong Ou’, M. ‘Hong Zhenzhu’, M. ‘Hong Tu’, M. ‘Sheng Xia’, M. ‘Shiyue Guanghui’, and M. ‘Yu Ji’. 【Conclusion】The crabapple cultivars exhibit high fruit color diversity, extended group viewing seasons and individual viewing periods. These multi-colored, multi-seasonal cultivars provide significant support for autumn tourism and ornamental applications, demonstrating substantial value for promoting the crabapple tourism industry.

导出引用

徐天炜, 张往祥, 冯岚, 等. 观果海棠品种果实观赏特征分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2025, 49(5): 183-190 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312028

XU Tianwei, ZHANG Wangxiang, FENG Lan, et al. Analysis of ornamental fruit characteristics in crabapple cultivars[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(5): 183-190 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312028

中图分类号： S686

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