早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建

李洋, 张赟齐, 温玥, 张绥林, 陈永浩, 齐建勋, 张俊佩, 侯智霞

南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1) : 119-127.

PDF(5747 KB)
PDF(5747 KB)
南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1) : 119-127. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401005
研究论文

早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建

作者信息 +

Correlation analysis and model construction of nut phenotype and kernel quality of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia)

Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】果实表型性状和内在品质间存在关联性。明确早实胡桃(核桃,Juglans regia)内、外在品质关系并构建关联模型,为通过表型性状初步判别果实内在品质提供依据。【方法】以北京市农林科学院核桃选种圃的早实核桃优株为研究对象,在成熟期对坚果的9个表型性状和4个内在品质指标分别进行了测定,分析各性状的变异系数,并进行方差和相关性分析,最终通过拟合验证得到适宜的关联模型。【结果】①坚果13个指标的变异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),变异系数为5.43%~28.63%,除球形度、几何平均直径、出仁率、含油率和蛋白质外,其余指标的变异系数均达到10%;②坚果品质指标间存在相关性。含油率与出仁率的关系最密切,与可溶性糖含量也呈极显著正相关,与淀粉、蛋白质含量关系均不显著;蛋白质、可溶性糖含量与坚果表型性状的关系类似,表现为与坚果大小、干质量及体积出仁率密切相关,与前两者呈极显著负相关,与后者呈极显著正相关,蛋白质、可溶性糖含量均与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关;淀粉含量和坚果大小、干质量呈极显著正相关,而与体积出仁率呈极显著负相关;③基于坚果表型性状和内在品质的相关性构建了回归模型,含油率与出仁率呈线性模型关系,可溶性糖含量与体积出仁率呈抛物线关系,淀粉含量与坚果体积呈线性模型关系,蛋白质含量与几何平均直径呈线性模型关系。通过拟合验证,模型预测值与实际值差值位于95%一致性界限(95%LOA)内的点均占总体的95%以上,模型表现出较好的拟合性。【结论】基于坚果表型与内在品质的密切关系构建了较为可靠的回归模型,通过坚果表型可初步判别内在品质优劣,用于适宜品种(系)的初步筛选。

Abstract

【Objective】There are correlations between phenotypic traits and fruit qualities. This study clarifies the relationships between nuts’ phenotypic traits and kernels’ qualities in early-fruiting walnuts from the Beijing-Hebei region, aiming to construct association models that provide a basis for preliminarily distinguishing nut qualities through phenotypic traits. 【Method】 The research focused on the superior genotypes of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia) in the selection nursery at the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Nine nut phenotypic traits and four kernel qualities were measured during the fruit ripening stage. Based on these data, coefficients of variation, correlations, and variances were analyzed, and suitable regression models were constructed through fitting verification. 【Result】(1) The variation across 13 nut indices reaches a very significant level (P<0.01), with the coefficients of variation ranging from 5.43% to 28.63%. Except for sphericity, geometric average diameter, kernel yield, oil content, and protein content, the coefficients of variation for all other indicators exceed 10%. (2) Nut qualities exhibit intercorrelations. Oil content is closely related to the kernel yield and shows a significant positive correlation with soluble sugar content, but it is not closely related to starch or protein content. The protein and soluble sugar content demonstrate similar relationships with nut phenotypic traits, showing a significant negative correlation with nut size and dry weight and a significant positive correlation with volume kernel yield. Both are also significantly negatively correlated with starch content; the starch content is positively correlated with nut size and dry weight but negatively correlated with volume kernel yield.(3) Regression models are constructed based on the correlations between nut phenotypic traits and kernel qualities. There is a linear relationship between oil content and kernel yield, a parabolic relationship between soluble sugar content and volume kernel percentage, a linear relationship between starch content and nut volume, and a linear relationship between protein content and geometric average diameter. The models are validated by model fitting, with the difference between the predicted and actual values within the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) accounting for more than 95% of the total, demonstrating the models’ reasonableness and reliability. 【Conclusion】 Reliable regression models are constructed based on the close relationship between nut phenotypic traits and kernel qualities. These models can preliminarily distinguish nut quality and are helpful for the initial screening of suitable cultivars or strains.

关键词

胡桃(核桃) / 表型性状 / 内在品质 / 品种(系)筛选 / 模型拟合

Key words

Juglans regia / phenotypic trait / kernel quality / screening of cultivars or strain / model fitting

引用本文

导出引用
李洋, 张赟齐, 温玥, . 早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版). 2025, 49(1): 119-127 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401005
LI Yang, ZHANG Yunqi, WEN Yue, et al. Correlation analysis and model construction of nut phenotype and kernel quality of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia)[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(1): 119-127 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401005
中图分类号: S664.1;S718   

参考文献

[1]
LIU B H, ZHAO D C, ZHANG P Y, et al. Seedling evaluation of six walnut rootstock species originated in China based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis[J]. Sci Hortic, 2020, 265:109212.DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109212.
[2]
RAJA V, AHMAD S I, IRSHAD M, et al. Anticandidal activity of ethanolic root extract of Juglans regia (L.):effect on growth,cell morphology,and key virulence factors[J]. J De Mycol Médicale, 2017, 27(4):476-486.DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.07.002.
[3]
王宝庆. 新疆早实核桃主要性状及分子基础研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2021.
WANG B Q. Study on main characters and molecular basis of early fruiting walnut in Xinjiang[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2021.DOI: 10.27625/d.cnki.gzlky.2021.000215.
[4]
张建英, 张莹莹, 毛向红. 砂壤土绿岭核桃根系空间分布规律研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2020, 48(23):151-153.
ZHANG J Y, ZHANG Y Y, MAO X H. Research on the spatial distribution of lüling walnut root system in sandy loam[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2020, 48(23):151-153.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.23.037.
[5]
MARKOVIC Z, ZDRAVKOVIC J, DAMJANOVIC M. Correlation between the morphological characteristics and the biochemical components of tomato fruit quality[J]. Acta Hortic, 1997(462):151-156.DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.1997.462.19.
[6]
陶涛, 刘耀辉, 薛中俊, 等. 7种香榧优株坚果表型性状与品质特性的研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 48(2):37-44.
TAO T, LIU Y H, XUE Z J, et al. Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2024, 48(2):37-44.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211034.
[7]
潘怡敏, 阳世杰, 黄蕊, 等. 山西谷子主要农艺性状与黄色素含量的相关性分析[J]. 山西农业科学, 2024, 52(1):27-36.
PAN Y M, YANG S J, HUANG R, et al. Correlation analysis between major agronomic traits and yellow pigment content of foxtail millet in Shanxi Province[J]. J Shanxi Agric Sci, 2024, 52(1):27-36.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2024.01.04.
[8]
房凡, 贾黎明, 蒋晓辉, 等. 基于24个表型性状的中国黄连木优良单株选择[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2024, 46(2):40-50.
FANG F, JIA L M, JIANG X H, et al. Selection of superior individual Pistacia chinensis based on 24 phenotypic traits[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2024, 46(2):40-50.DOI:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220447.
[9]
宋雪, 石卓功, 尹加笔, 等. 云南德宏州油茶优株果实品质评价及其相关性分析[J]. 经济林研究, 2011, 29(3):22-27.
SONG X, SHI Z G, YIN J B, et al. Fruit quality evaluation and its correlation analysis of the fine individuals in Camellia oleifera in Dehong[J]. Nonwood For Res, 2011, 29(3):22-27.DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2011.03.018.
[10]
MADANI B, WALL M, MIRSHEKARI A, et al. Influence of calcium foliar fertilization on plant growth,nutrient concentrations,and fruit quality of Papaya[J]. Hort Technology, 2015, 25(4):496-504.DOI: 10.21273/horttech.25.4.496.
[11]
NEVES L G, BRUCKNER C H, PICANÇO M C, et al. Genetic correlation between agronomically important traits in yellow passion fruit[J]. Am J Plant Sci, 2013, 4(11):2112-2117.DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.411262.
[12]
李亚群, 苏淑钗. 黄龙‘香玲’核桃果实成熟过程中经济性状研究[J]. 中国油脂, 2023, 48(9):99-106.
LI Y Q, SU S C. Economic characters of ‘Xiangling’ walnut fruit at Huanglong during ripening[J]. China Oils Fats, 2023, 48(9):99-106.DOI: 10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.220361.
[13]
孙垟, 肖千文, 黄丽媛, 等. 石棉核桃坚果品质指标相关性研究[J]. 北方园艺, 2011(20):5-9.
SUN Y, XIAO Q W, HUANG L Y, et al. Study on the correlation of quality index of nut walnut in Shimian[J]. North Hortic, 2011(20):5-9.
[14]
赵悦平. 核桃硬壳结构与坚果品质相关性的研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2004.
ZHAO Y P. Study on the correlation between hard shell structure and nut quality of walnut[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2004.
[15]
LIU J H, ZHANG J, WANG J Y, et al. MuMADS1 and MaOFP1 regulate fruit quality in a tomato ovate mutant[J]. Plant Biotechnol J, 2018, 16(5):989-1001.DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12843.
[16]
VALLARINO J G, HONG J, WANG S C, et al. Limitations and advantages of using metabolite-based genome-wide association studies:focus on fruit quality traits[J]. Plant Sci, 2023, 333:111748.DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111748.
[17]
LI Q, CHAKRABARTI M, TAITANO N K, et al. Differential expression of SlKLUH controlling fruit and seed weight is associated with changes in lipid metabolism and photosynthesis-related genes[J]. J Exp Bot, 2021, 72(4):1225-1244.DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa518.
[18]
ALAM M Z, AL-HAMIMI S, AYYASH M, et al. Contributing factors to quality of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit[J]. Sci Hortic, 2023, 321:112256.DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112256.
[19]
BUJDOSO G, CSEKE K. The Persian (English) walnut (Juglans regia L.) assortment of Hungary:nut characteristics and origin[J]. Sci Hortic, 2021, 283:110035.DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110035.
[20]
王娜. 早实核桃自然实生后代部分表型性状的遗传变异研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2010.
WANG N. Genetic variation of some phenotypic traits in natural offspring of early fruiting walnuts[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2010.
[21]
李建挥, 李柏海, 吴思政, 等. 湘西地区核桃坚果表型特征及多样性研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(1):171-179.
LI J H, LI B H, WU S Z, et al. Research on the nutphenotypic traits and diversities of walnut in western Hunan[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2023, 47(1):171-179.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109004.
[22]
张赟齐, 董宁光, 郝艳宾, 等. 109份丰产核桃单株坚果表型多样性分析及性状评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(3):87-96.
ZHANG Y Q, DONG N G, HAO Y B, et al. Nuts’ phenotypic diversity analysis and character evaluation of 109 high-yield walnut individual trees[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2023, 47(3):87-96.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202205037.
[23]
宁万军, 张强, 黄闽敏, 等. 不同元素组合肥对‘温185’核桃品种品质的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(5):12-15,20.
NING W J, ZHANG Q, HUANG M M, et al. Effect of different element fertilizer combinations on the quality of ‘Wen185’ walnut[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2020, 48(5):12-15,20.DOI: 10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2020.05.003.
[24]
李盼. 气调及保鲜剂处理对湿鲜核桃品质影响与生理机制研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018.
LI P. Effects of air conditioning and preservative treatment on quality of wet and fresh walnut and its physiological mechanism[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2018.
[25]
国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南核桃属:GB/T 26909—2011[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2011.
General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness,uniformity and stability—Juglans(Juglans L.):GB/T 26909—2011[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011.
[26]
李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000.
LI H S. Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000.
[27]
国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定:GB 5009.5—2016[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
National Health and Family Planning Commission, State Food and Drug Administration. National food safety standard-determination of protein in foods: GB 5009.5-2016[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2017.
[28]
朱雪林, 马和平, 刘务林, 等. 西藏林芝地区核桃表型特征研究[J]. 果树学报, 2012, 29(1):135-138.
ZHU X L, MA H P, LIU W L, et al. Phenotype characteristics of walnuts in Linzhi,Tibet[J]. J Fruit Sci, 2012, 29(1):135-138.DOI: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2012.01.026.
[29]
虎海防. 不同主栽区核桃坚果品质研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2013.
HU H F. Study on nut quality of walnuts in different main planting areas[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2013.
[30]
肖徐. 川西实生核桃坚果内在品质差异研究[D]. 四川: 四川农业大学, 2020.
XIAO X. Research on internal quality difference of raw walnut nut in west Sichuan[D]. Sichuan: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020.
[31]
AHMAD SHAH R, BAKSHI P, SHARMA N, et al. Diversity assessment and selection of superior Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees of seedling origin from north-western Himalayan region[J]. Resour Environ Sustain, 2021, 3:100015.DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2021.100015.
[32]
葛香瑞, 郝苑汝, 陈鸿, 等. ‘华核1号’核桃优系坚果表型变异分析[J]. 林业科技通讯, 2023(3):35-39.
GE X R, HAO Y R, CHEN H, et al. Analysis on nut fruit type variation of walnut superior line ‘Huahe No.1’[J]. For Sci Technol, 2023(3):35-39.DOI: 10.13456/j.cnki.lykt.2022.04.07.0003.
[33]
季琳琳, 陈素传, 吴志辉, 等. 山核桃果实主要经济性状和养分含量的差异分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46(1):131-137.
JI L L, CHEN S C, WU Z H, et al. Variation and cluster analysis on the main economic characters and nutrients of fruit from Carya cathayensis and C. dabieshanensis fine trees[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2022, 46(1):131-137.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012044.
[34]
宋雷, 范成明, 陈宇红, 等. 植物油脂合成的分子调控机制[J]. 分子植物育种, 2016, 14(8):2178-2187.
SONG L, FAN C M, CHEN Y H, et al. The molecular regulation mechanism of the plant lipid biosynthesis[J]. Mol Plant Breed, 2016, 14(8):2178-2187.DOI: 10.13271/j.mpb.014.002178.
[35]
张翠芳, 潘存德, 陈虹, 等. 不同含油率核桃品种种仁主要营养物质含量和糖代谢相关酶活性时节动态[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(4):589-596.
ZHANG C F, PAN C D, CHEN H, et al. The seasonal dynamics of main nutrients’ content and sugar metabolizing enzyme activities in kernel of walnut varieties with different oil contents[J]. Xinjiang Agric Sci, 2017, 54(4):589-596.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.04.001.
[36]
赵彦朋, 梁伟, 王丹, 等. 植物油脂合成调控与遗传改良研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(1):14-24.
ZHAO Y P, LIANG W, WANG D, et al. Regulation of oil biosynthesis and genetic improvement in plant:advances and prospects[J]. J Agric Sci Technol, 2018, 20(1):14-24.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0170.
[37]
高昌勇. 植物营养组织油脂代谢工程[D]. 太谷: 山西农业大学, 2016.
GAO C Y. Lipid metabolism engineering in plant nutrient tissue[D]. Taigu: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2016.
[38]
EKMAN A, HAYDEN D M, DEHESH K, et al. Carbon partitioning between oil and carbohydrates in developing oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds[J]. J Exp Bot, 2008, 59(15):4247-4257.DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern266.
[39]
WESELAKE R J, TAYLOR D C, RAHMAN M H, et al. Increasing the flow of carbon into seed oil[J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2009, 27(6):866-878.DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.07.001.
[40]
李永涛. 核桃(Juglans regia)胚发育及其营养代谢动态研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2011.
LI Y T. Study on embryo development and nutrient metabolism dynamics of Juglans regia[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2011.
[41]
POGGETTI L, ERMACORA P, CIPRIANI G, et al. MorPhological and carpological variability of walnut germplasm (Juglans regia L.) collected in north-eastern Italy and selection of superior genotypes[J]. Sci Hortic, 2017, 225:615-619.DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.07.056.
[42]
KHADIVI A, MONTAZERAN A, REZAEI M, et al. The pomological characterization of walnut (Juglans regia L.) to select the superior genotypes: an opportunity for genetic improvement[J]. Sci Hortic, 2019, 248:29-33.DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.12.054.
[43]
SHAMLU F, REZAEI M, LAWSON S, et al. Genetic diversity of superior Persian walnut genotypes in Azadshahr,Iran[J]. Physiol Mol Biol Plants, 2018, 24(5):939-949.DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0573-9.

基金

国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200402)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230118)
北京市林业果树研究所青年基金(LGYJJ202103)

编辑: 李燕文
PDF(5747 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

段落导航
相关文章

/