早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401005

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 119-127.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401005

早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建

李洋¹^,²^,³(), 张赟齐³(), 温玥⁴, 张绥林¹, 陈永浩³, 齐建勋³, 张俊佩²^,^*(), 侯智霞¹^,^*()

1.林木资源高效生产国家重点实验室,省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学,北京 100083
2.林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京 100091
3.北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,农业农村部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心,北京 100093
4.新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-01-05 修回日期:2024-03-01 出版日期:2025-01-30 发布日期:2025-01-21
通讯作者: * 张俊佩(zhangjunpei@caf.ac.cn),研究员,负责试验设计指导;
侯智霞(hzxn2004@163.com),教授,负责选题及论文修改。
作者简介:
李洋(18753826349@163.com),负责论文撰写;张赟齐(zhyq1985@bjfu.edu.cn),助理研究员,负责数据分析。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200402);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230118);北京市林业果树研究所青年基金(LGYJJ202103)

Correlation analysis and model construction of nut phenotype and kernel quality of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia)

LI Yang¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Yunqi³(), WEN Yue⁴, ZHANG Suilin¹, CHEN Yonghao³, QI Jianxun³, ZHANG Junpei²^,^*(), HOU Zhixia¹^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
3. Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
4. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-01-05 Revised:2024-03-01 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】果实表型性状和内在品质间存在关联性。明确早实胡桃(核桃,Juglans regia)内、外在品质关系并构建关联模型,为通过表型性状初步判别果实内在品质提供依据。【方法】以北京市农林科学院核桃选种圃的早实核桃优株为研究对象,在成熟期对坚果的9个表型性状和4个内在品质指标分别进行了测定,分析各性状的变异系数,并进行方差和相关性分析,最终通过拟合验证得到适宜的关联模型。【结果】①坚果13个指标的变异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),变异系数为5.43%~28.63%,除球形度、几何平均直径、出仁率、含油率和蛋白质外,其余指标的变异系数均达到10%;②坚果品质指标间存在相关性。含油率与出仁率的关系最密切,与可溶性糖含量也呈极显著正相关,与淀粉、蛋白质含量关系均不显著;蛋白质、可溶性糖含量与坚果表型性状的关系类似,表现为与坚果大小、干质量及体积出仁率密切相关,与前两者呈极显著负相关,与后者呈极显著正相关,蛋白质、可溶性糖含量均与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关;淀粉含量和坚果大小、干质量呈极显著正相关,而与体积出仁率呈极显著负相关;③基于坚果表型性状和内在品质的相关性构建了回归模型,含油率与出仁率呈线性模型关系,可溶性糖含量与体积出仁率呈抛物线关系,淀粉含量与坚果体积呈线性模型关系,蛋白质含量与几何平均直径呈线性模型关系。通过拟合验证,模型预测值与实际值差值位于95%一致性界限(95%LOA)内的点均占总体的95%以上,模型表现出较好的拟合性。【结论】基于坚果表型与内在品质的密切关系构建了较为可靠的回归模型,通过坚果表型可初步判别内在品质优劣,用于适宜品种(系)的初步筛选。

关键词: 胡桃(核桃), 表型性状, 内在品质, 品种(系)筛选, 模型拟合

Abstract:

【Objective】There are correlations between phenotypic traits and fruit qualities. This study clarifies the relationships between nuts’ phenotypic traits and kernels’ qualities in early-fruiting walnuts from the Beijing-Hebei region, aiming to construct association models that provide a basis for preliminarily distinguishing nut qualities through phenotypic traits. 【Method】 The research focused on the superior genotypes of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia) in the selection nursery at the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Nine nut phenotypic traits and four kernel qualities were measured during the fruit ripening stage. Based on these data, coefficients of variation, correlations, and variances were analyzed, and suitable regression models were constructed through fitting verification. 【Result】(1) The variation across 13 nut indices reaches a very significant level (P<0.01), with the coefficients of variation ranging from 5.43% to 28.63%. Except for sphericity, geometric average diameter, kernel yield, oil content, and protein content, the coefficients of variation for all other indicators exceed 10%. (2) Nut qualities exhibit intercorrelations. Oil content is closely related to the kernel yield and shows a significant positive correlation with soluble sugar content, but it is not closely related to starch or protein content. The protein and soluble sugar content demonstrate similar relationships with nut phenotypic traits, showing a significant negative correlation with nut size and dry weight and a significant positive correlation with volume kernel yield. Both are also significantly negatively correlated with starch content; the starch content is positively correlated with nut size and dry weight but negatively correlated with volume kernel yield.(3) Regression models are constructed based on the correlations between nut phenotypic traits and kernel qualities. There is a linear relationship between oil content and kernel yield, a parabolic relationship between soluble sugar content and volume kernel percentage, a linear relationship between starch content and nut volume, and a linear relationship between protein content and geometric average diameter. The models are validated by model fitting, with the difference between the predicted and actual values within the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) accounting for more than 95% of the total, demonstrating the models’ reasonableness and reliability. 【Conclusion】 Reliable regression models are constructed based on the close relationship between nut phenotypic traits and kernel qualities. These models can preliminarily distinguish nut quality and are helpful for the initial screening of suitable cultivars or strains.

Key words: Juglans regia, phenotypic trait, kernel quality, screening of cultivars or strain, model fitting

中图分类号:

S664.1
S718

李洋,张赟齐,温玥,等. 早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(1): 119-127.

LI Yang, ZHANG Yunqi, WEN Yue, ZHANG Suilin, CHEN Yonghao, QI Jianxun, ZHANG Junpei, HOU Zhixia. Correlation analysis and model construction of nut phenotype and kernel quality of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia)[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(1): 119-127.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401005.

图/表 5

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统计指标 statistical indicator	单果质量/g nut weight	壳厚/mm shell thickness	仁质量/g kernel weight	壳质量/g shell weight	出仁率/% percent kernel	球形度 sphericity	单果体积/ cm³ nut volume	含油率/% oil content	可溶性糖质量分数/% soluble sugar content	淀粉质量分数/% starch content	蛋白质质量分数/% protein content	体积出仁率/ cm^-3 kernel content per unit volume	几何平均直径/mm geometric mean diameter
最小值min.	7.18	0.78	4.11	2.06	41.35	0.77	9.33	53.06	2.90	1.36	15.76	1.25	26.12
最大值max.	19.88	1.59	9.98	9.88	67.16	1.08	39.33	72.46	5.90	2.91	19.99	5.17	42.19
极差range	12.70	0.81	5.87	7.82	25.81	0.31	30.00	19.40	3.00	1.55	4.23	3.92	16.07
均值mean	13.05	1.32	7.08	5.66	54.40	0.92	22.26	63.10	4.48	2.13	18.16	2.62	34.64
标准差SD	2.43	0.19	1.38	1.39	5.27	0.05	5.69	5.30	0.89	0.46	1.07	0.75	3.01
变异系数/% CV	18.62	14.39	19.49	24.56	9.69	5.43	25.56	8.40	19.87	21.60	5.89	28.63	8.69

坚果性状 nut trait		单果质量 nut weight	壳厚 shell thickness			仁质量 kernel weight	壳质量 shell weight					球形度 sphericity
壳厚 shell thickness		0.389^**	1
仁质量 kernel weight		0.872^**	0.126^**			1
壳质量 shell weight		0.867^**	0.561^**			0.514^**	1
出仁率 percent kernel	-0.152^**			-0.521^**	0.342^**			-0.612^**	1
体积出仁率 kernel content per unit volume	-0.790^**			-0.330^**	-0.604^**			-0.766^**	0.302^**	1
几何平均直径 geometric mean diameter	0.780^**			0.153^**	0.740^**			0.612^**	0.008	-0.926^**	1
球形度 sphericity	0.113^**			0.119^**	0.065			0.132^**	-0.077	0.031	-0.079^*	1
单果体积 nut volume	0.769^**			0.149^**	0.722^**			0.611^**	-0.009	-0.905^**	0.994^**	-0.088^*	1
含油率 oil content	-0.120^**			-0.429^**	0.320^**			-0.535^**	0.886^**	0.265^**	0.01	-0.041	-0.004	1
可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content	-0.760^**			-0.270^**	-0.635^**			-0.682^**	0.169^**	0.838^**	-0.855^**	-0.189^**	-0.854^**	0.112^**	1
淀粉含量 starch content	0.579^**			0.065	0.584^**			0.417^**	0.069	-0.767^**	0.853^**	-0.554^**	0.848^**	0.053	-0.602^**	1
蛋白质含量 protein content1	-0.597^**			-0.080*	-0.575^**			-0.452^**	-0.022	0.706^**	-0.772^**	-0.008	-0.770^**	-0.015	0.672^**	-0.628^**

统计项 statistical item	含油率 oil content	可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content	淀粉含量 starch content	蛋白质含量 protein content
MSE	6.05	0.20	0.06	0.46
RMSE	2.46	0.45	0.24	0.68
MAE	2.06	0.35	0.20	0.58
MAPE/%	3.27	8.28	9.71	3.24

早实核桃坚果表型和内在品质的关联分析及模型构建

Correlation analysis and model construction of nut phenotype and kernel quality of early-fruiting walnuts (Juglans regia)

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