【目的】探究麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)活动干扰对盐城滨海湿地土壤生态化学计量特征的影响,了解土壤退化现状,为保护区可持续发展与管理提供科学依据。【方法】以盐城大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区第3核心区为研究对象,结合实地调查结果将第3核心区划分为弱度干扰(Ⅰ)、轻度干扰(Ⅱ)、中度干扰(Ⅲ)、次重度干扰(Ⅳ)、重度干扰(Ⅴ)5个麋鹿干扰等级,通过室内试验对土壤容重(BD)、含水率(WC)、pH、土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量进行测定,分析麋鹿不同干扰强度对土壤基本性质及生态化学计量特征的影响。【结果】①随着麋鹿干扰强度的增加,土壤BD先减后增、土壤pH增加,土壤WC、TP、TN含量先增后减,SOC含量呈波动变化趋势。②随着麋鹿干扰强度的增加,土壤碳氮比(C/N)升高,土壤氮磷比(N/P)降低,土壤碳磷比(C/P)呈波动变化。③土壤C/P与SOC,N/P与TN相关性极高,土壤C/N随着麋鹿干扰强度的增强与SOC的相关性逐渐降低。SOC含量是土壤C/N、C/P的主要限制因素,土壤TN含量是土壤N/P的主要限制因素。【结论】麋鹿干扰不仅会改变土壤基本性质和生态化学计量特征,还会改变制约土壤化学计量比各因素的强度。麋鹿中度、轻度干扰更利于土壤矿化和养分循环。因此,将麋鹿野放的数量控制在合理范围内更有助于维持盐城滨海湿地土壤养分平衡与循环。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the impacts of Elaphurus davidianus disturbance on soil ecological stoichiometry in Yancheng coastal wetlands, assess the current state of soil degradation, and provide a scientific foundation for the sustainable management of the reserve.【Method】The third core area of Yancheng Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve was selected as the study site. Based on field surveys, the area was stratified into five disturbance intensity levels: weak (Ⅰ), mild (Ⅱ), moderate (Ⅲ), secondary heavy (IV), and severe (V). Soil physicochemical properties, including bulk density (BD), soil water content (WC), pH, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), were measured through laboratory analyses. The effects of varying disturbance intensities on soil properties and ecological stoichiometric ratios were systematically evaluated. 【Result】(1) With the increase of E. davidianus disturbance intensity, soil BD frist decreased, and then increased, soil pH increased, while soil TN, TP content and soil WC first increased and then decreased, and SOC content showed a fluctuating trend. (2) With the increase of E. davidianus disturbance intensity, the soil C/N (mass ratio) increased, the soil N/P (mass ratio) decreased, and the soil C/P (mass ratio) fluctuated. (3) The correlations between soil C/P and SOC, and between soil N/P and TN were extremely high, and the correlation between C/N and SOC gradually decreased with the increase of E. davidianus disturbance intensity. SOC content was the main limiting factor of soil C/N and C/P, and soil TN content was the main limiting factor of soil N/P. 【Conclusion】E. davidianus disturbance not only changes the basic soil properties and ecological stoichiometric characteristics, but also changes the intensity of soil stoichiometric ratios. Moderate and mild disturbance of E. davidianus is more conducive to soil mineralization and nutrient cycling. These findings suggest that maintaining E. davidianus populations within a reasonable threshold is critical for preserving soil nutrient equilibrium in Yancheng coastal wetlands.