【目的】通过系统优化锦竹(Hibanobambus tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’)组培快繁各关键技术环节,建立高效的组培快繁体系,为其规模化生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以观赏竹种锦竹秆芽为材料,进行组培快繁研究。于不同季节采集锦竹秆芽,进行外植体灭菌、丛生芽诱导、继代增殖、生根诱导、炼苗移栽等处理,筛选锦竹组培快繁的最适生长条件,优化其快繁体系。【结果】锦竹秆芽的最佳采集季节为夏初,最佳灭菌处理为:体积分数为70%乙醇溶液处理60 s→无菌水冲洗3~5次→体积分数为2%的次氯酸钠溶液处理15 min(添加3~4滴吐温80)→无菌水冲洗3~5次→滤纸吸干水分接种,灭菌率为81.72%。锦竹丛生芽诱导培养基为6-BA 4 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L+TDZ 0.5 mg/L,诱导率为100.00%;最佳增殖培养基为6-BA 5 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数为6.75。丛生芽增殖过程中易出现褐化现象,添加3种不同种类及浓度的抗褐化剂以及降低蔗糖浓度可抑制锦竹丛生芽褐化,其中蔗糖质量浓度在10 g/L时效果最佳,褐化率为0。3种抗褐化剂中抗褐化效果依次为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)>L-谷氨酰胺>活性炭,其中PVP添加量为0.2 g/L时,丛生芽褐化率最低,为13.13%。锦竹不定根诱导时间较长,属于难生根竹种,通过不同生长调节物质配比进行诱导试验,筛选出锦竹最佳生根诱导培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+IBA 1 mg/L,生根率可达88.68%。锦竹炼苗移栽过程中,最佳移栽基质为壤土、草炭土、蛭石,质量比为1∶1∶1。【结论】建立了锦竹组培快繁体系,明确夏初为最佳外植体采集时期,优化了灭菌、激素配比及抗褐化策略并促进难生根竹种的生根。该技术体系可为锦竹的规模化繁殖及种质资源保存提供可靠方法,同时为其他难繁殖竹种的组培研究提供参考。

【Objective】This research aims to optimize critical steps in tissue culture rapid propagation and establish an efficient system for Hibanobambus tranquillans ‘Shiroshima’, supporting its large-scale production. 【Method】Using stem buds of the ornamental bamboo H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’ as explants, tissue culture rapid propagation system was investigated. Stem buds were collected across different seasons and subjected to sterilization, shoot cluster induction, subculture proliferation, rooting induction, browning control, hardening off and transplantation. Optimal growth conditions were screened to refine and optimize the rapid propagation system. 【Result】The best collection season for culm buds of H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’ was in early June, and the best sterilization treatment for H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’ culm buds was as follows: 70% alcohol treatment for 60 s→sterile water rinsing 3-5 times→2% sodium hypochlorite solution treatment for 15 minutes (3-4 drops of Tween 80) →sterile water rinsing 3-5 times→filter paper to absorb moisture for inoculation, with a good sterilization effect of 81.72%. Different concentrations of 6-BA, KT, NAA and TDZ were selected to carry out the orthogonal test in the process of cluster bud induction and proliferation. The cluster bud induction rate of H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’ was 100.00% with 6-BA 4 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L+TDZ 0.5 mg/L, and the best proliferation medium was 6-BA 5 mg/L+KT 0.2 mg/L, the multiplication coefficient was 6.75. The browning phenomenon is easy to appear in the process of cluster bud proliferation. Adding three different kinds and concentrations of anti-browning agents or reducing the sucrose content in the medium can inhibit the browning of H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’. Among these treatments, best effect was achieved when the sucrose concentration was 10 g/L. The browning effect of the three anti-browning agents is PVP>L-glutamine>activated carbon, in which the browning rate of cluster buds was the lowest (13.13%) when the dosage of PVP was 0.2 g/L. H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’ had a longer induction time for adventitious roots, which was difficult to develop roots. Through lots of experiments with different plant growth regulators, the best rooting induction medium was 1/2MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+IBA 1 mg/L, and the rooting rate could reach 88.68%. During the transplanting process the best transplanting medium was loam, turf, vermiculite with mass ratio. 【Conclusion】An efficient tissue culture rapid propagation system for H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’ was established. Early summer was confirmed as the optimal period for explant collection. The sterilization procedures, hormone formulations, and anti-browning strategies were optimized, and the rooting difficulties of this hard-to-root bamboo species were overcome. This technical system provides a reliable method for large-scale propagation and germplasm conservation of H. tranguillans ‘Shiroshima’, while also serving as a reference for tissue culture research on other difficult-to-propagate bamboo species.