文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律

李雨嫣; 敖妍; 赵磊磊; 徐向银; 陈育红; 娜日苏

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027

文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律

李雨嫣, 敖妍, 赵磊磊, 徐向银, 陈育红, 娜日苏

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2) : 31-37.

PDF(1671 KB)

国家林草科技领军期刊
中国精品科技期刊
中国高校百佳科技期刊
江苏省新闻出版政府奖期刊奖
RCCSE林学权威期刊（A+）
CSCD核心期刊
Scopus数据库收录期刊
中文核心期刊
SCD核心期刊

作者加群：102861116

微信公众号：南京林业大学学报

高级检索

PDF(1671 KB)

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2) : 31-37. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027

专题报道：推进乡村全面振兴视域下的多功能油用树种文冠果研究（执行主编尹佟明李维林）

文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律

李雨嫣 ¹ ,
敖妍 ¹^,^* ,
赵磊磊 ² ,
徐向银 ² ,
陈育红 ³ ,
娜日苏 ⁴

作者信息 +

Regularities of fruit growing and development and its inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

LI Yuyan ¹ ,
AO Yan ¹^,^* ,
ZHAO Leilei ² ,
XU Xiangyin ² ,
CHEN Yuhong ³ ,
NA Risu ⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】文冠果是中国特有木本油料树种,除种仁油之外,果皮皂苷在生产中也具有较高利用价值。本研究对文冠果优良无性系果实生长发育过程中果实形态指标、种仁油脂含量、果皮中皂苷、可溶性糖和淀粉含量的动态变化进行分析,为文冠果高效栽培管理和果实采收策略的制定提供科学依据。【方法】调查了文冠果果实生长发育过程及内含物含量动态变化,并建立相关生长模型。【结果】①文冠果果实横纵径生长发育曲线为单“S”形曲线,果实生长过程可划分为生长初期(花后1~16 d)、速生期(花后17~38 d)、生长后期(花后39~45 d)、果实成熟期(花后46~80 d)4个阶段。②种子油脂及果皮皂苷积累关键时期分别为花后45~80 d 和花后55~65 d,种仁含油率和果皮皂苷质量分数最高值分别出现在花后80 d(62.75%)和65 d (1.599%)。可溶性糖与淀粉含量分别在花后75 d和花后65 d达到峰值。③果皮皂苷、可溶性糖、淀粉含量与果实横纵径、鲜质量呈极显著正相关。【结论】花后75~80 d为文冠果油用果实最佳采收期,此时果实横径64.82~66.47 mm,纵径67.26~69.97 mm;花后60~65 d为皂用果实最佳采收期,此时果实横径62.64~63.63 mm,纵径65.57~65.94 mm。

Abstract

【Objective】 Xanthoceras sorbifolium is a unique woody oil-bearing tree species native to China. In addition to the value of its seed oil, the saponins in the fruit husk also have significant utilization values in production. This study aims to analyze the dynamic changes in fruit morphological traits, kernel oil content, saponin, soluble sugar, and starch content during the growth and development of fruits from superior clonal lines of X. sorbifolium, intending to provide a scientific basis for the efficient cultivation and fruit harvesting strategies. 【Method】 The study observed the dynamic changes in the growth and development of the fruits and their internal content and constructed a growth model accordingly. 【Result】 (1) The development processes of fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters followed sigmoid growth curves. Fruit development can be divided into four stages: the initial growth stage (1-16 days after flowering), the rapid growth stage (17-38 days after flowering), the late growth stage (39-45 days after flowering), and the fruit maturity stage (46-80 days after flowering). (2) The key periods for accumulating seed oil and fruit peel saponins were 45-80 days and 55-65 days after flowering, respectively. The peak values appeared at 80 days (62.75%) and 65 days (1.599%). Peak values for soluble sugars and starch occurred at 75 and 65 days after flowering. (3) The contents of saponin, soluble sugar, and starch in the fruit showed a highly significant positive correlation with the transverse and longitudinal diameters and the fruit’s fresh weight. 【Conclusion】 The optimal harvesting period for X. sorbifolium fruits for oil usage is 75-80 days after flowering, during which the transverse diameter of the fruit ranges from 64.82 to 66.47 mm, and the longitudinal diameter from 67.26 to 69.97 mm. For saponin usage, 60-65 days after flowering is suitable for fruit harvest, at which time the transverse diameter of fruits is 62.64 to 63.63 mm, and the longitudinal diameter is 65.57 to 65.94 mm.

导出引用

李雨嫣, 敖妍, 赵磊磊, 等. 文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2025, 49(2): 31-37 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027

LI Yuyan, AO Yan, ZHAO Leilei, et al. Regularities of fruit growing and development and its inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolium[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(2): 31-37 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027

中图分类号： S565.9

参考文献

列表( 原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序 ) 可视化分析

[1]	中国科学院《中国植物志》编辑委员会. 中国植物志第九卷第二分册[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002. 本文引用 [1]

[2]	张毅, 敖妍, 刘觉非, 等. 文冠果物候期对环境因子的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43(5):30-36. ZHANG Y, AO Y, LIU J F, et al. Response of phenophase of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge to environmental factors[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2019, 43(5):30-36.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201809024. 本文引用 [2]

[3]	杨帆, 韩沙沙, 南易, 等. 文冠果研究开发进展[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2021, 46(17):4334-4343. YANG F, HAN S S, NAN Y, et al. Progress in research and development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2021, 46(17):4334-4343.DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210524.603. 本文引用 [3]

[4]	敖妍. 不同地区文冠果群体种子含油率·产量变异规律[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(25):11967-11969. AO Y. Variation law of seed oil content and yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolia populations in different areas[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2009, 37(25):11967-11969.DOI: 10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2009.25.091. 本文引用 [1]

[5]	丁明秀, 敖妍. 文冠果开花座果研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(10):381-384. DING M X, AO Y. Research progress on the flowering and fruit set of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2008, 24(10):381-384. 本文引用 [1]

[6]

李光勋, 王力华, 陈玮. 分光光度法测定文冠果壳总皂苷含量研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(8):3071-3072.

G X

, WANG

L H

, CHEN

. Determination on content of total saponins in the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge based on spectrophotometry[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2008, 36(8):3071-3072.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2008.08.012.

本文引用 [1]

[7]	李占林. 文冠果果壳化学成分及其生物活性研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳药科大学, 2006. 本文引用 [1]

[8]	RAFALSKI A. Applications of single nucleotide polymorphisms in crop genetics[J]. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2002, 5(2):94-100.DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00240-6. 本文引用 [1]

[9]	CHEN G, XIE Y M, ZHOU D, et al. In vivo evaluation and atom-based 3D-QSAR studies on saponins from shells of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge as anti-AD agents[J]. Bioorg Chem, 2020,94:103412.DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103412. 本文引用 [1]

[10]	ZHANG H M, ZHOU Q C. Tyrosinase inhibitory effects and antioxidative activities of saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolia nutshell[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8):e70090.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070090. 本文引用 [1]

[11]	KOUSAR F, NOOMRIO M H, TALPUR M M, et al. Two new lignan glycosides from Trachelospermum lucidum (D.Don) Schum[J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2008, 10(3/4):317-322.DOI: 10.1080/10286020701782692. 本文引用 [1]

[12]	DING K W, GUO S R, RONG W W, et al. A new oleanane type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge and its neuroprotection on PC12 cells injury induced by Aβ_25-35[J]. Nat Prod Res, 2020, 34(22):3212-3218.DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1557172. 本文引用 [1]

[13]	周宸, 巩婷, 陈晶晶, 等. 三萜皂苷生物合成相关糖基转移酶研究进展[J]. 生物工程学报, 2022, 38(3): 1004-1024. ZHOU C, GONG T, CHEN J J, et al. The glycosyltransferases involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis: a review[J]. Chin J Biotech, 2022, 38(3): 1004-1024. 本文引用 [1]

[14]	马利苹, 王力华, 阴黎明, 等. 乌丹地区文冠果生物学特性及物候观测[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(12):2583-2587. MA L P, WANG L H, YIN L M, et al. Biology and phenology of Xanthoceras sorbifolia in Wudan area[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2008, 19(12):2583-2587. 本文引用 [2]

[15]

郭影, 王世成, 窦德强. 不同产地文冠果果壳中总皂苷含量测定[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2009, 11(5):165-166.

GUO

, WANG

S C

, DOU

D Q

. Determination of the content of total saponins in the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge[J]. J Liaoning Univ Tradit Chin Med, 2009, 11(5):165-166.DOI: 10.13194/j.jlunivtcm.2009.05.167.guoy.108.

本文引用 [1]

[16]	吴伟杰, 李博生. 泡沫分离法提取文冠果果皮皂苷的工艺条件[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2010, 51(4):816-820. WU W J, LI B S. Technological conditions of extracting saponins from Xanthoceras sorbifolia peel by foam separation[J]. J Zhejiang Agric Sci, 2010, 51(4):816-820.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0528-9017.2010.04.043. 本文引用 [1]

[17]

李兴旭, 陈雯柏, 王一群, 等. 基于级联视觉检测的樱桃番茄自动采收系统设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(1):136-145.

X X

, CHEN

W B

, WANG

Y Q

, et al. Design and experiment of an automatic cherry tomato harvesting system based on cascade vision detection[J]. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2023, 39(1):136-145.DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202210099.

本文引用 [1]

[18]	王藝锦. 辽宁省朝阳市日光温室种植结构与效益分析[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2019. 本文引用 [1]

[19]	SUN C W, WANG J W, DUAN J, et al. Association of fruit and seed traits of Sapindus mukorossi germplasm with environmental factors in Southern China[J]. Forests, 2017, 8(12):491.DOI: 10.3390/f8120491. 本文引用 [1]

[20]	王旭. 文冠果性别分化关键期microRNA及矿质营养研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2020. WANG X. MicroRNA and mineral nutrition in the critical period of sex differentiation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2020.DOI: 10.26949/d.cnki.gblyu.2020.000855. 本文引用 [1]

[21]

郑玉琳, 刘济铭, 史双龙, 等. 无患子果实成熟过程及其油脂、皂苷动态变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(4):76-82.

ZHENG

Y L

, LIU

J M

, SHI

S L

, et al. Maturation processes and the dynamics of oil and saponin in Sapindus mukorossi[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2021, 45(4):76-82.DOI:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202103047.

本文引用 [1]

[22]	崔党群. Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验[J]. 数理统计与管理, 2005, 24(1):112-115. CUI D Q. Analysis and making good fitting degree test for Logistic curve regression equation[J]. Appl Stat Manag, 2005, 24(1):112-115.DOI: 10.13860/j.cnki.sltj.2005.01.020. 本文引用 [1]

[23]

徐圆圆, 贾黎明, 赵国春, 等. 无患子果实生长发育及其内含物的变化特征[J]. 西北植物学报, 2022, 42(12):2061-2072.

Y Y

, JIA

L M

, ZHAO

G C

, et al. Regularities of fruit growing and development and its inclusion of Sapindus mukorossi[J]. Acta Bot Boreali Occidentalia Sin, 2022, 42(12):2061-2072.DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2022.12.2061.

本文引用 [1]

[24]	KOCHAN E, SZYMANSKA G, SZYMCZYK P. Effect of sugar concentration on ginsenoside biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in shake flasks and nutrient sprinkle bioreactor[J]. Acta Physiol Plant, 2014, 36(3):613-619.DOI: 10.1007/s11738-013-1439-y. 本文引用 [1]

[25]	LIU H J, GU H R, YE C, et al. Planting density affects Panax notoginseng growth and ginsenoside accumulation by balancing primary and secondary metabolism[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2021,12:628294.DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628294. 本文引用 [1]

[26]

徐圆圆, 陈仲, 贾黎明, 等. 植物三萜皂苷生物合成途径及调控机制研究进展[J]. 中国科学:生命科学, 2021, 51(5):525-555.

Y Y

, CHEN

, JIA

L M

, et al. Advances in understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism of triterpenoid saponins in plants[J]. Sci Sin (Vitae), 2021, 51(5):525-555.DOI: 10.1360/SSV-2020-0230.

本文引用 [1]

[27]	熊绵靖, 唐其, 马小军. 罗汉果三萜皂苷生物合成规律研究探讨[J]. 广东药学院学报, 2011, 27(5):543-548. XIONG M J, TANG Q, MA X J. Biosynthesis of triterpene glycoside in Lo Han Kuo[J]. J Guangdong Pharm Univ, 2011, 27(5):543-548.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8783.2011.05.027. 本文引用 [1]

[28]	EL ZEIN R, BRÉDA N, GÉRANT D, et al. Nitrogen sources for current-year shoot growth in 50-year-old sessile oak trees:an in situ (15)N labeling approach[J]. Tree Physiol, 2011, 31(12):1390-1400.DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr118. 本文引用 [1]

[29]	柴春山, 芦娟, 蔡国军, 等. 文冠果人工种群的果实发育与落花落果特性研究[J]. 植物研究, 2012, 32(1):110-114. CHAI C S, LU J, CAI G J, et al. Characteristics of fruit development and flower and fruit drops of artificial population of Xanthoceras sorbifolia[J]. Bull Bot Res, 2012, 32(1):110-114. 本文引用 [1]

[30]

刘波, 王力华, 阴黎明, 等. 两种林龄文冠果叶N、P、K的季节变化及再吸收特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(7):1270-1276.

LIU

, WANG

L H

, YIN

L M

, et al. Seasonal variation and resorption characteristics of leaf N,P,and K in two aged Xanthoceras sorbifolia plantations[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2010, 29(7):1270-1276.DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.2010.0217.

本文引用 [1]

[31]

赵娜, 张媛, 王静, 等. 文冠果种子发育及油脂累积与糖类、蛋白质累积之间的关系研究[J]. 植物研究, 2015, 35(1):133-140,145.

ZHAO

, ZHANG

, WANG

, et al. Seed development,lipid accumulation and its relationship with carbohydrates and protein in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge[J]. Bull Bot Res, 2015, 35(1):133-140,145.DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2015.01.020.

本文引用 [1]