文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 31-37.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027

• 专题报道：推进乡村全面振兴视域下的多功能油用树种文冠果研究（执行主编尹佟明李维林） • 上一篇下一篇

文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律

李雨嫣¹(), 敖妍¹^,^*(), 赵磊磊², 徐向银², 陈育红³, 娜日苏⁴

1.林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京林业大学林学院,省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 国家能源非粮生物质原料研发中心,北京 100083
2.内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗林业和草原局,内蒙古赤峰 024500
3.内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗森林草原保护发展中心,内蒙古赤峰 025550
4.内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗巴日图机械防火站,内蒙古赤峰 025550

收稿日期:2024-01-30 接受日期:2024-04-03 出版日期:2025-03-30 发布日期:2025-03-28
通讯作者: *敖妍(aoyan316@163.com),教授。
作者简介:
李雨嫣(aliceliyuyan@gmail.com)。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200402);国家自然科学基金项目(32071738)

Regularities of fruit growing and development and its inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

LI Yuyan¹(), AO Yan¹^,^*(), ZHAO Leilei², XU Xiangyin², CHEN Yuhong³, NA Risu⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing 100083, China
2. Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Onniute Banner, Chifeng 024500, China
3. Forest Grassland Protection and Development Center of Akeerqin Banner, Chifeng 025550, China
4. Alukeerqin Banner, Ba Ri Tu Mechanical Fire Prevention Station, Chifeng 025550, China

Received:2024-01-30 Accepted:2024-04-03 Online:2025-03-30 Published:2025-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】文冠果是中国特有木本油料树种,除种仁油之外,果皮皂苷在生产中也具有较高利用价值。本研究对文冠果优良无性系果实生长发育过程中果实形态指标、种仁油脂含量、果皮中皂苷、可溶性糖和淀粉含量的动态变化进行分析,为文冠果高效栽培管理和果实采收策略的制定提供科学依据。【方法】调查了文冠果果实生长发育过程及内含物含量动态变化,并建立相关生长模型。【结果】①文冠果果实横纵径生长发育曲线为单“S”形曲线,果实生长过程可划分为生长初期(花后1~16 d)、速生期(花后17~38 d)、生长后期(花后39~45 d)、果实成熟期(花后46~80 d)4个阶段。②种子油脂及果皮皂苷积累关键时期分别为花后45~80 d 和花后55~65 d,种仁含油率和果皮皂苷质量分数最高值分别出现在花后80 d(62.75%)和65 d (1.599%)。可溶性糖与淀粉含量分别在花后75 d和花后65 d达到峰值。③果皮皂苷、可溶性糖、淀粉含量与果实横纵径、鲜质量呈极显著正相关。【结论】花后75~80 d为文冠果油用果实最佳采收期,此时果实横径64.82~66.47 mm,纵径67.26~69.97 mm;花后60~65 d为皂用果实最佳采收期,此时果实横径62.64~63.63 mm,纵径65.57~65.94 mm。

关键词: 文冠果, 果实发育, 内含物, 皂苷

Abstract:

【Objective】 Xanthoceras sorbifolium is a unique woody oil-bearing tree species native to China. In addition to the value of its seed oil, the saponins in the fruit husk also have significant utilization values in production. This study aims to analyze the dynamic changes in fruit morphological traits, kernel oil content, saponin, soluble sugar, and starch content during the growth and development of fruits from superior clonal lines of X. sorbifolium, intending to provide a scientific basis for the efficient cultivation and fruit harvesting strategies. 【Method】 The study observed the dynamic changes in the growth and development of the fruits and their internal content and constructed a growth model accordingly. 【Result】 (1) The development processes of fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters followed sigmoid growth curves. Fruit development can be divided into four stages: the initial growth stage (1-16 days after flowering), the rapid growth stage (17-38 days after flowering), the late growth stage (39-45 days after flowering), and the fruit maturity stage (46-80 days after flowering). (2) The key periods for accumulating seed oil and fruit peel saponins were 45-80 days and 55-65 days after flowering, respectively. The peak values appeared at 80 days (62.75%) and 65 days (1.599%). Peak values for soluble sugars and starch occurred at 75 and 65 days after flowering. (3) The contents of saponin, soluble sugar, and starch in the fruit showed a highly significant positive correlation with the transverse and longitudinal diameters and the fruit’s fresh weight. 【Conclusion】 The optimal harvesting period for X. sorbifolium fruits for oil usage is 75-80 days after flowering, during which the transverse diameter of the fruit ranges from 64.82 to 66.47 mm, and the longitudinal diameter from 67.26 to 69.97 mm. For saponin usage, 60-65 days after flowering is suitable for fruit harvest, at which time the transverse diameter of fruits is 62.64 to 63.63 mm, and the longitudinal diameter is 65.57 to 65.94 mm.

Key words: Xanthoceras sorbifolium, fruit development, nutshell inclusion, saponin

中图分类号:

S565.9

李雨嫣,敖妍,赵磊磊,等. 文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(2): 31-37.

LI Yuyan, AO Yan, ZHAO Leilei, XU Xiangyin, CHEN Yuhong, NA Risu. Regularities of fruit growing and development and its inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolium[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(2): 31-37.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202401027.

图/表 8

图1

图2

表1

文冠果果实生长指标的Logistic模型"

指标index	方程equation	F	R	生长时间/d growth time
指标index	方程equation	F	R	t₁	t₂	t₃
横径transverse diameter	y= 64.654/ (1+23.451 $e - 0.12 x$ )	155.248	0.987	16	26	38
纵径longitudinal diameter	y= 67.973/ (1+20.359 $e - 0.114 x$ )	39.261	0.986	15	26	38
果实鲜质量 fruit fresh weight	y= 107.77/ (1+331.097 $e - 0.181 x$ )	43.797	0.920	24	32	39

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

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指标 index	横径 transverse diameter	纵径 longitudinal diameter	果实鲜质量 fruit fresh weight	含水率 water content	皂苷含量 saponin content	可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content
纵径longitudinal diameter	0.987^**
果实鲜质量fruit fresh weight	0.880^**	0.860^**
含水率water content	-0.276	-0.280	0.040
皂苷含量saponin content	0.813^**	0.826^**	0.717^**	-0.377^*
可溶性糖含量soluble sugar content	0.589^**	0.597^**	0.306^**	-0.698^**	0.670^**
淀粉含量starch content	0.584^**	0.554^**	0.570^**	-0.223	0.728^**	0.635^**

文冠果果实生长发育与内含物变化规律

Regularities of fruit growing and development and its inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

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