基因组精准编辑技术及其在林木育种中的应用

姜波; 安新民

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202402006

姜波, 安新民

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1) : 11-20.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1) : 11-20. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202402006

林学前沿（执行主编尹佟明陈金慧）

基因组精准编辑技术及其在林木育种中的应用

姜波 ,
安新民 ^*

作者信息 +

Precise genomic editing technology and its application in the improvement of woody plants

JIANG Bo ,
AN Xinmin ^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

基因组精准编辑技术正在重新定义对生命奥秘的理解,其核心在于能够在特定的基因组位点精确地插入、删除或替换DNA序列,从而实现对生物体内遗传信息的定向精准编辑。这些技术已经成为现代生物领域研究的基石,从早期的探索到CRISPR系统的开创性应用,每一步都展示了科学探索的深远影响。CRISPR系统的应用带来了基因组编辑的巨大飞跃,它催化了更精准的编辑工具出现,如碱基编辑器和先导编辑器等,它们显著增强了精准编辑基因组的能力。这一历史性转变已经在农业改良、疾病治疗等领域展现出巨大的潜力。基因编辑技术的应用前景广阔,CRISPR/Cas系统能敲除多个基因,具有高靶向效率、易于设计和操作,且成本较低等优点,因此在作物、林木遗传改良中被广泛应用;但它也有不少不足之处,而每一款新编辑工具的出现都使这一技术得以不断完善。随着技术的不断进步,基因编辑技术有望在未来解决更多复杂的生物学问题,为人类健康和农林业发展带来更多的创新和突破力。

Abstract

The rapid advancement of genome precision editing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of life’s mysteries. Central to these technologies is the capacity to precisely insert, delete, and substitute DNA sequences at designated genomic positions, facilitating the targeted modification of genetic information within living organisms. These technologies have become the cornerstone of research in the field of biology, from early explorations to the groundbreaking application of the CRISPR system, emphasizing the profound impact of scientific inquiry. The application of the CRISPR system has brought about a significant leap in genomic editing, catalyzing the emergence of more precise editing tools, such as base editors and prime editors, which have significantly enhanced the ability to edit genomes with precision. This milestone shift has already demonstrated tremendous potential in a wide range of fields, including agricultural improvement and disease treatment. The potential applications for gene editing technology are vast, especially in forestry and grass breeding. The CRISPR/Cas system can knock out multiple genes, offering high targeting efficiency, ease of design and operation, and low costs, making it widely applicable in crop genetic improvement. However, it is also associated with numerous limitations, which can be overcomed by new editing tools. As the technologies continues to advance, gene editing technology is expected to solve complex biological problems in the future, bringing more innovation and breakthroughs to human health and agricultural development.

导出引用

姜波, 安新民. 基因组精准编辑技术及其在林木育种中的应用[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2025, 49(1): 11-20 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202402006

JIANG Bo, AN Xinmin. Precise genomic editing technology and its application in the improvement of woody plants[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(1): 11-20 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202402006

中图分类号： S722.3

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