【目的】基于林业造纸与生态环境的特殊关联性,梳理和分析我国林业造纸业的绿色战略发展历程与现状,预测未来的战略趋势,进而发掘该战略演进过程的完整路径,并揭示其中的内在规律,为相关企业和管理部门制定并实施绿色战略提供科学依据。【方法】采用文献检索和实地调研法,收集并分析我国林业造纸样本企业绿色战略行为的相关资料和数据,再运用绿色战略理论和系统分析方法,梳理和总结中国林业造纸绿色战略的发展路径,以及战略系统的结构和原理,由此提炼出其整体演进规律和特征。【结果】中国林业造纸绿色战略从萌芽期至今已经走过了60年的发展历程。在萌芽期之后经历了原料导向(林纸一体化)绿色战略(1980年起)、末端治理绿色战略(1990年起)、循环绿色战略(1995年起)和“循环+”绿色战略(1999年起)4个战略发展阶段,各阶段中的战略类型又包含一些具体的下层战略类型。各类战略的起点有差异,但后期相互交织、持续发展。各类战略的实施在经济效益和生态效益两方面都取得了良好的成效,但是也存在一些发展瓶颈。为突破瓶颈,未来的发展趋势是林业造纸超循环绿色战略。【结论】纵观整体的演进历程和未来趋势,中国林业造纸绿色战略在结构和内涵上形成了逐步拓展和逐步深化的演进规律:前端的原料导向战略、末端的污染治理战略、逆向的循环战略(侧重资源回收利用)、双向的“循环+”战略(强化造纸全程和逆向回路),未来将进一步提升到全局的林业造纸超循环战略(资源链、生态链和价值链相互促进的自组织系统)。综合以上成果,最终提炼出中国林业造纸绿色战略的多维演进模型及其演进特征。

【Objective】Based on the special correlation between forestry-paper industry and ecological environment, the development history and current situation of green strategy (GS) in Chinese forestry-paper industry (CFPI) are sorted out and analyzed, and its strategic trend in the future is forecasted, so that the whole strategic evolution path and its inherent law are uncovered to provide scientific basis for relevant enterprises and management departments making and implementing strategic decision of their green strategies.【Method】Document retrieval method and field research method were used to mine and analyze information and data about green strategic behaviors of forestry-paper sample enterprises. Then green strategy theory and system analysis method were applied to explore the development path, system structure and principle of CFPI green strategy. Thereout, the whole evolution law and characteristics are concluded.【Result】The development of CFPI green strategy has gone through 60 years from the sprouting period to the present. It has experienced the following stages of strategic development after the sprouting period: raw material oriented (forest-paper integration) GS (1980-), terminal treatment GS (1990-), circular GS (1995-), “circular +” GS (1999-). Each strategy type in the most stages also contains some specific types of strategies in lower level. These strategy types have different starting points, but in the later period, they are intertwined and keep on developing. The implementation of various strategies has achieved good results in both economic and ecological benefits, but there are also some bottlenecks. In order to break through the bottlenecks, the future development trend is forestry-paper hypercycle green strategy.【Conclusion】Looking at the overall evolution course and future trend, CFPI green strategy has formed an evolutionary law of gradual expansion and deepening both in structure and connotation. The first GS stage focuses on the front end: raw material oriented strategy. The second GS stage focuses on the terminal: pollution treatment strategy. The third GS stage focuses on the reverse (resources recycling): circular strategy. The fourth GS stage focuses on the bidirection (whole papermaking process and reverse loop):“circular +” strategy. The future GS stage will focus on the global of a self-organizing system in which resources-chain, eco-chain and value-chain promote each other: forestry-paper hypercycle strategy. Finally, a multidimensional evolution model and its evolution characteristics of CFPI green strategy are extracted from the above results.