【目的】 探明南京市紫金山国家森林公园夏季果蝇寄生蜂的多样性及其种群动态,提升对寄生蜂多样性维持机制的认识,也为果蝇属(Drosophila)害虫的生物防治提供参考。【方法】于2023年8—10月选取紫金山国家森林公园南坡、北坡和东坡的3处样地,每处样地内随机选择11个样点,开展果蝇寄生蜂多样性调查;利用香蕉诱使果蝇产卵进而诱捕果蝇寄生蜂,在体视显微镜下观察果蝇寄生蜂外部形态特征并进行物种分类鉴定。【结果】共捕集到果蝇寄生蜂732只,隶属于4科4属4种,分别为毛锤角细蜂(Trichopria drosophilae)、蝇蛹金小蜂(Pachycrepoideus vindemiae)、长腹开臂反颚茧蜂(Asobara leveri)和1个小环腹瘿蜂属物种(Leptopilina sp.),4种寄生蜂分别占果蝇寄生蜂物种总数的36.07%、34.56%、21.45%和7.92%,北坡样地采集到的果蝇寄生蜂个体数量最多,共计269只。4种果蝇寄生蜂的个体数量间存在显著差异,且寄生蜂种群受季节变化影响较大,毛锤角细蜂、蝇蛹金小蜂和小环腹瘿蜂的个体数量均随时间推移显著下降。各坡向样地果蝇寄生蜂的Simpson多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均随时间的推移而下降,而各样地间果蝇寄生蜂的数量及多样性指数则不存在显著差异。【结论】紫金山地区夏季共诱捕到4种果蝇寄生蜂,其中优势类群为蝇蛹金小蜂和毛锤角细蜂两种蛹期寄生蜂,各坡向果蝇寄生蜂物种分布相对均匀。

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the diversity and population dynamics of Drosophila parasitoids in summer in Zijin Mountain National Forest Park in Nanjing, and to improve our understanding of the maintenance mechanism of parasitoid diversity, to provide a reference for the biological control of Drosophila pests.【Method】Three plots on the southern, northern and eastern slope of Zijin Mountain were selected from August to October 2023, eleven sites were randomly selected in each plot to investigate the diversity of Drosophila parasitoids, bananas were used to attract Drosophila to lay eggs, then Drosophila parasitoids were trapped. The external morphological characteristics of Drosophila parasitoids were observed under a stereomicroscope and the species were identified.【Result】In total, we collected 732 Drosophila parasitoids, belonging to four families, four genera and four species, including Trichopria drosophilae, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Asobara leveri and Leptopilina sp. The four parasitoid species accounted for 36.07%, 34.56%, 21.45% and 7.92% of the total number of the collected parasitoids respectively. The highest number of individual Drosophila parasitoids were collected in the northern slope plot, with a total of 269. There were significant differences in individual numbers among the four species of Drosophila parasitoids and the Drosophila parasitoids population change significantly cross the season, numbers of T. drosophilae, P. vindemiae and Leptopilina sp. decreased significantly over time. In addition, Simpson, evenness and richness of Drosophila parasitoids in three investigated plots in Zijin Mountain decreased over time while there were no significant differences in the number and diversity indexes of Drosophila parasitoids among different plots. 【Conclusion】A total of four species of Drosophila parasitoids were captured in Zijin Mountain area in summer, pupal parasitoids, P. vindemiae and T. drosophilae are dominant Drosophila parasitoids in the investigation area. The species distribution of Drosophila parasitoids in all slopes showed no significant variation.