郑万钧先生与树木学

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202404034

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 2-13.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202404034

所属专题：郑万钧先生诞辰120周年纪念专题

• 专题报道Ⅰ:郑万钧先生诞辰120周年纪念专题(执行主编曹福亮,施季森,尹佟明,方升佐) • 上一篇下一篇

郑万钧先生与树木学

方炎明()

南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心, 国家林业和草原局亚热带森林生物多样性保护重点实验室, 南京林业大学生命科学学院, 江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-05-07 出版日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-06-14
作者简介:方炎明(jwu4@njfu.com.cn),教授。

Professor Cheng Wan-chun and Dendrology

FANG Yanming()

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-05-07 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

著名树木学家、林学家和林业教育家郑万钧(1904—1983),一生追求树木学科学与教育事业。作为树木学学习者,他勤奋好学,幸遇良师,治学有方;作为树木科学家,他专攻树木分类研究,主攻裸子植物分类研究,并从树木学拓展到森林地理学;作为树木学教育者,他主张立德树人,强调实践能力培养,注重科研反哺教学。郑万钧先生将林区看作最好的实验室,并亲临浙江西天目山、四川西部和湖北利川等林区实地考察,采集了包括模式标本在内的大量植物标本。郑万钧先生对树木学作出了许多贡献,发现并命名1个新科、5个新属和139个新种(含变种),其中最重要的贡献是发现并命名水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et W.C. Cheng)和建立裸子植物分类系统。

关键词: 树木学, 野外考察, 新种, 水杉

Abstract:

As a distinguished dendrologist, forester, and forestry educator, Professor Cheng Wan-chun (1904-1983) devoted his life to the pursuit of dendrology science and education. As a learner of dendrology, he was diligent and eager to learn, lucky to meet good tutors, and had a well-rounded approach to his studies. As a dendrologist, he specialized in tree classification, focusing on gymnosperms, and expanding his academic boundaries from dendrology to forest geography. As a teacher of dendrology, he advocated cultivating virtue and talent, emphasized the cultivation of practical abilities, and implemented the feedback of scientific research in teaching. Professor Cheng Wan-chun regarded forest areas as the best laboratory of dendrology and personally visited forest areas such as West Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, Western Sichuan, and Lichuan in Hubei, collecting a large number of plant specimens, including types. Professor Cheng Wan-chun made many contributions to dendrology, discovering and naming one new family, five new genera, and 139 new species (including varieties). The most important contribution was the discovery of Metasequoia and the proposal of a classification system for gymnosperms.

Key words: Dendrology, field investigation, new species, Metasequoia glyptostroboide Hu et W.C. Cheng

中图分类号:

S717

方炎明. 郑万钧先生与树木学[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 2-13.

FANG Yanming. Professor Cheng Wan-chun and Dendrology[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(3): 2-13.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202404034.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

川西森林考察的地名注释及标本记录"

地点location	注释及标本记录 annotations and specimen record
打箭炉Ta-chien-lu	古地名,即康定市。910,19300517,灰叶花楸,PE;1820,19300824,西康云杉,IBSC;1930,19300925,川陕鹅耳枥,PE;3543,19311022,川西云杉,NF
西康Si-kang	民国时期及中华人民共和国成立早期的省名,所辖地主要为川西及西藏东部
大相岭Ta-siang-ling	大渡河和青衣江的分水岭,也是荥经、汉源两县的分界线
大炮山Ta-po-chan	位于康定、道孚、丹巴三县市交界处的山峰
折多山Tche-to-chan	位于康定市境内,国道318线通往西藏的必经之道, 号称“康巴第一关”。3550,19311029,岷江冷杉,N
高尔寺山Kao-je-se-chan	位于康定市和雅江县交界处,号称“康巴第二关”
磨西面Mo-si-mien	即磨西台地,位于泸定县南部
海子山Hai-tse-chan	雅砻江和金沙江的分水岭,位于理塘与稻城两县之间
瓦灰山Oua-oue-chan	位于九龙县汤古镇周边
己丑山Thi-tchou-chan	或称为鸡丑山,是康定市与九龙县的分界山峰
松林口Soung-ling-ko	与松林口有关的地点有3处:①道孚县龙灯乡的松林口;②康定市新都桥镇的松林口桥;③康定市沙德镇俄巴绒村的小松林口。根据《西康东部森林初步之观察》的记载^[16],可能为道孚县松林口
江油县Kiangyu Hsien	文献记载^[19]为King-you,经考证拟为江油县。2624,19310801,珍珠花,PE;2724,19310804,白皮松,NKU
龙安府Lung-An-Fu	今平武县龙安镇。2881,19310816,女贞,PE;3014,19310819,扇叶枫,PE
小河营Siao-ho-ying	位于松潘小河乡境内,在平武到松潘的茶马古道上,是明代千户所古城。3016,19310820,金钱槭,PE;3118,19310825,红直獐牙菜,CQNM;3254,19310910,云杉,IBSC
茂州Mao-Chow	即茂县。3276,19310915,岷江蓝雪花,IBSC;3313,19311019,侧柏,PE
汶川I’Ouen-tchouan	即现汶川县。3347,19310925,铁杉,PE;3433,19310929,晚绣花楸,PE
杂谷脑Tsa-Kou-Nao	位于理县中部杂谷脑镇。3466,19311007,南方糙苏,NAS
里番河Li-Fan-Ho	拟为理潘县Li-Fan-Hsien,今理县和松潘县
懋功Mao-Koung	即懋功县,现为小金县。3484,19311010,川西云杉,PE;3509,19311012,短尾铁线莲,NAS

表1

图3

图4

表2

郑万钧先生发表的裸子植物新种(按发表时间排列)"

年代 year	种名species name	文献 reference
1932	1.长苞铁杉Tsuga longibracteata W.C.Cheng	[48]
1934	2.白豆杉Pseudotaxus chienii (W.C.Cheng) W.C.Cheng	[49]
1939	3.垂枝香柏Juniperus pingii W.C.Cheng	[50-51]
1948	4.水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng	[18](图4)
1948	5.毛枝五针松Pinus wangii Hu et W.C.Cheng	[52]
1961	6.昆明柏Juniperus gaussenii W.C.Cheng	[53]
1975	7.四川苏铁Cycas szechuanensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;8.察隅冷杉Abies chayuensis W.C.Cheng et L.K. Fu;9.怒江冷杉A. nukiangensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;10.黄枝油杉Keteleeria calcarea W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;11.矩鳞油杉K. oblonga W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;12.柔毛油杉K. pubescens W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu,13.喜马拉雅落叶松Larix himalaica W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;14.怒江落叶松L. speciosa W.C.Cheng et Y.W.Law;15.林芝云杉Picea likiangensis var. lirzhiensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;16.绿背林芝云杉P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis f. bicolor W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;17.大别五针松Pinus dabeshanensis W.C.Cheng et Y.W.Law;18.雅加松P. massoniana var. hainanensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;19.大明松P. taiwanensis var. damingshanensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;20.细叶云南松P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia W.C.Cheng et Y.W.Law;21.短叶黄杉Pseudotsuga brevifolia W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;22.矩鳞铁杉Tsuga chinensis var. oblongisquamata W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;23.大果铁杉T. chinensis var. robusta W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;24.雅鲁藏布江柏木巨柏Cupressus gigantea W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;25.小籽密枝圆柏Sabina convallium var. microsperma W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;26.垂枝祁连圆柏S. przewalskii f. pendula W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;27.松潘叉子圆柏S. vulgaris var. erectopatens W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;28.宽叶粗榧Cephalotaxus sinensis var. latifolia W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;29.云南红豆杉Taxus yunnanensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu;30.云南榧树Torreya yunnanensis W.C.Cheng et L.K.Fu	[54]

表2

表3

郑万钧先生发表的被子植物新种(按发表时间排列)"

年代 year	种名species name	文献 reference
1931	1.天目槭Acer sinopurpurascens W.C.Cheng;2.天目木姜子Litsea auriculata S.S.Chien et W.C.Cheng;3.天目紫茎Stewartia gemmata S.S.Chien et W.C.Cheng;4.光叶荛花Wikstroemia glabra W.C.Cheng	[55]
1932	5.普陀鹅耳枥Carpinus putoensis W.C.Cheng	[56]
1932	6.天台鹅耳枥Carpinus tientaiensis W.C.Cheng; 7.二色五味子Schisandra bicolor W.C.Cheng;8.浙雁皮Wikstroemia pilosa W.C.Cheng	[57]
1933	9.狭叶山胡椒Lindera angustifolia W.C.Cheng;10.宝华玉兰Magnolia zenii W.C.Cheng	[13]
1933	11.浙江柳Salix chekiangensis W.C.Cheng;12.银叶柳S. chienii W.C.Cheng	[14,59]
1933	13.胡氏鹅耳枥Carpinus huana W.C.Cheng	[58]
1934	14.天目木兰Magnolia amoena W.C.Cheng;15.条叶榕Ficus pandurata var. angustifolia W.C.Cheng;16.天目朴Celtis chekiangensis W.C.Cheng;	[49]
1934	17.黄山锈毛五叶参Pentapanax henryi var. wangshanensis W.C.Cheng;18.华东小檗Berberis chingii W.C.Cheng;19.长梗假卫矛Microtropis fokienensis var. longipedunculata W.C.Cheng;20.江浙钓樟Lindera chienii W.C.Cheng;21.高山木姜子Litsea chunii W.C.Cheng;22.浙江鼠李Rhamnus chekiangensis W.C.Cheng;23.翅柄紫茎Stewartia pteropetiolata W.C.Cheng;24.大萼翅柄紫茎S. pteropetiolata var. macrosepala W.C.Cheng;25.紫荛花Wikstroemia glabra var. purpurea W.C.Cheng	[59]
1934	26.广西桑寄生Loranthus chingii W.C.Cheng	[60-61]
1935	27.陈谋卫矛Euonymus chenmoui W.C.Cheng;28.油柿Diospyros oleifera W.C.Cheng;29.钱氏水青冈Fagus chienii W.C.Cheng;30.落叶女贞Ligustrum compactum var. latifolium W.C.Cheng;31.钟氏柳Salix tsoongii W.C.Cheng;32.黄山溲疏Deutzia glauca W.C.Cheng;33.庐山葡萄Vitis hui W.C.Cheng	[62-63]
1936	34.长苞椴Tilia chenmoui W.C.Cheng	[64]
1936	35.灰白蜡瓣花Corylopsis hypoglauca W.C.Cheng; 36.浙蜡瓣花Corylopsis willmottiae var. chekiangensis W.C.Cheng;37.硬壳桂Cryptocarya chingii W.C.Cheng;37.浙江含笑Michelia chingii W.C.Cheng;39.无腺稠李Prunus brachypoda var. eglandulosa W.C.Cheng;40.光果悬钩子Rubus glabricarpus W.C.Cheng;41.无腺莓Rubus tephrodes var. eglandulosus W.C.Cheng;42.浙江山梅花Philadelphus pekinensis var. laxiflorus W.C.Cheng;43.绿花细枝茶藨子Ribes tenue var. viridiflorum W.C.Cheng;44.杭州榆Ulmus changii W.C.Cheng	[65]
1938	45.大果安息香Styrax macrocarpus W.C.Cheng	[66]
1943	46.润楠Machilus pingii W.C.Cheng ex Yen C. Yang	[67]
1947	47.赤水蕈树Altingia multinervis W.C.Cheng;48.贵州琼楠Beilschmiedia kweichowensis W.C.Cheng	[42]
1948	49.求江蜡瓣花Corylopsis trabeculosa Hu et W.C.Cheng;50.长穗蜡瓣花C. yui Hu et W.C.Cheng;51.云南紫荆Cercis yunnanensis Hu et W.C.Cheng;52.俅江枳椇Hovenia kiukiangensis Hu et W.C.Cheng;53.醉鱼草赤杨叶Alniphyllum buddleitolium Hu et W.C.Cheng	[52]
1948	54.王氏鹅耳枥Carpinus wangii Hu et W.C.Cheng	[68]
1948	55.怒江槭Acer chienii Hu et W.C.Cheng;56.厚叶槭A. crassum Hu et W.C.Cheng;57.大果红翅槭A. fabri var. megalocarpum Hu et W.C.Cheng;58.昌宁槭A. hilaense Hu et W.C. Cheng;59.俅江槭A. kiukiangense Hu et W.C.Cheng;60.广南槭A. kwangnanense Hu et W.C.Cheng;61.枫叶槭A. liquidambarifolium Hu et W.C.Cheng;62.长翅槭A. longicarpum Hu et W.C.Cheng;63.楠叶槭A. machilifolium Hu et W.C.Cheng;64.毛柄槭A. pubipetiolatum Hu et W.C.Cheng	[69]
1949	65.梧桐槭Acer firmianioides W.C.Cheng	[70]
1950	66.利川栎Quercus lichuanensis W.C.Cheng;67.红果榆Ulmus rubrocarpa W.C.Cheng	[71]
1951	68.峨眉拟单性木兰Parakmeria omeiensis W.C.Cheng	[44]
1951	69.川石栎Pasania fangii Hu et W.C.Cheng	[72]
1951	70.冯氏槠Cyclobalanopsis fengii Hu et W.C.Cheng;71.富宁栎Quercus fooningensis Hu et W.C.Cheng;72.麻栗坡栎Q. marlipoensis Hu et W.C.Cheng;73.杨梅叶栎Q. myricifolia Hu et W.C.Cheng;74.帽斗栎Q. pileata Hu et W.C.Cheng;75.王氏栎Q. wangii Hu et W.C.Cheng;76.炭栎Q. utilis Hu et W.C.Cheng	[73]
1951	77.大果木莲Manglietia grandis Hu et W.C.Cheng;78.大叶木莲M. megaphylla Hu et W.C.Cheng	[74]
1958	79.琅玡榆Ulmus chenmoui W.C.Cheng;80.明陵榆U. erythrocarpa W.C.Cheng;81.锈毛榆U. ferruginea W.C.Cheng;82.多脉榆U. multinervis W.C.Cheng	[75]
1961	83.细叶楠Phoebe hui W.C.Cheng ex Yen C. Yang;84.普文楠P. puwenensis W.C.Cheng	[53,76]
1963	85.夏蜡梅Calycanthus chinensis W.C.Cheng et S.Y.Chang;86.重阳木Bischofia racemosa W.C.Cheng et C.D.Chu;87.西南米槠Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa W.C.Cheng et C.S.Chao;88.厚皮锥C. chunii W.C.Cheng;89.裸果栲C. echidnocarpa var. seminuda W.C.Cheng et C.S.Chao;90.多脉青冈Cyclobalanopsis multinervis W.C.Cheng et T. Hong;91.簸箕柳Salix suchowensis W.C.Cheng;92.昆明朴Celtis kumingensis W.C.Cheng et T. Hong;93.昆明榆Ulmus kunmingensis W.C.Cheng	[15]
1963	94.南宁栲Castanopsis amabilis W.C.Cheng et C.S.Chao;95.短刺南宁栲C. amabilis var. brevispinosa W.C.Cheng et C.S.Chao;96.南宁红椎C. oblongifolia W.C.Cheng et C.S.Chao	[77]
1963	97.黄山花楸Sorbus amabilis W.C.Cheng ex T.T.Yu	[78]
1963	98.利川银鹊树Tapiscia lichunensis W.C.Cheng et C.D.Chu;99.云南银鹊树T. yunnanensis W.C.Cheng et C.D.Chu	[79]
1979	100.短星毛青冈Cyclobalanopsis breviradiata W.C.Cheng;101.宁冈青冈C. ningangensis W.C.Cheng et Y.C.Hsu	[80]
1979	102.湖南山核桃Carya hunanensis W.C.Cheng et R. H. Chang	[81]
1979	103.利川润楠Machilus lichuanensis W.C.Cheng ex S. Lee	[82]
1979	104.李叶榆Ulmus prunifolia W.C.Cheng et L. K. Fu	[83]
1980	105.醉翁榆Ulmus gaussenii W.C.Cheng	[84]
1980	106.毛果朴Celtis trichocarpa W.C.Cheng et E. W. Ma	[85]
1982	107.湖北毛椴Tilia hupehensis W.C.Cheng ex Hung T. Chang	[86]
1983	108.小花木荷Schima parviflora W.C.Cheng et Hung T. Chang	[87]
2022	109.长果薜荔Ficus pumila var. ellisoidea W.C.Cheng	[88]

表3

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郑万钧先生与树木学

Professor Cheng Wan-chun and Dendrology

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