【目的】筛选合理的红松(Pinus koraiensis)人工林下复合经营模式,为红松人工林复合经营决策提供科学依据。【方法】以不同复合经营模式(林-菌、林-药、林-菜)红松人工林群落为研究对象,以未经补植的样地为对照,调查样方数据、测定并分析复合经营模式红松人工林物种组成、土壤养分水平、酶活性和微生物群落结构等特征。【结果】①经营初期,复合经营模式下群落物种多样性指数比对照低。②林-菌、林-菜经营模式土壤养分积累较高,林-菜、林-药复合经营模式对土壤养分的转化能力较强。③林-菌复合经营模式土壤过氧化氢酶活性最高,其次是林-药复合经营模式,林-菜复合经营模式下则最低;林-药复合经营模式下土壤纤维素酶活性最高,且在(0,10] cm层显著大于(10,20] cm层;不同复合经营模式对土壤蔗糖酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著影响。④红松人工林不同复合经营模式土壤真菌、细菌群落的丰富度指数与对照样地存在显著差异,多样性指数无显著差异,微生物群落主要由被孢霉菌(mortierellomycota)、子囊菌(ascomycota)、放线菌(actinobacteriota)、变形菌(proteobacteria)等组成,其中子囊菌和放线菌是决定复合经营对微生物养分利用状况影响的主要微生物。⑤Partial Mantel分析表明,细菌和真菌群落最大影响因子是土壤有机碳、全氮含量和人工林植物Simpson指数(P<0.01)。林-菌复合经营模式土壤过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性,林-菜复合经营模式土壤有机碳含量、碳氮比,对照样地植物Simpson指数对土壤真菌群落影响显著(P<0.05)。对照样地植物Shannon指数和土壤蔗糖酶活性对细菌群落影响显著(P<0.05)。【结论】复合经营模式会不同程度地影响林下植物群落结构、土壤养分含量和土壤微生物组成。

【Objective】This study aims to identify optimal agroforestry management patterns for Pinus koraiensis plantations and establish a scientific foundation for decision-making in compound management practices.【Method】Three agroforestry systems (forest-fungi, forest-medicine, and forest-vegetable) within P. koraiensis plantations were investigated. Quadrat surveys and high-throughput sequencing were integrated to assess species diversity, soil nutrient dynamics, enzymatic activities, and microbial community structures. Full-length 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing were utilized to characterize bacterial and fungal communities across soil depths of (0,10] and (10,20] cm.【Result】(1)During initial management stages, species diversity indices in agroforestry systems were lower than those in the control (monoculture plantation).(2)The forest-fungi and forest-vegetable systems exhibited higher soil nutrient accumulation (e.g., organic carbon, total nitrogen), whereas forest-vegetable and forest-medicine systems demonstrated superior nutrient conversion efficiency.(3)Soil catalase activity ranked as forest-fungi > forest-medicine > forest-vegetable, while cellulase activity peaked in the forest-medicine system, with significantly higher values in the (0,10] cm layer than in the (10,20] cm layer (P< 0.05). No significant differences were observed in sucrase or acid phosphatase activities among systems. (4)The α-diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities was significantly different in richness,and not significantly different in biodiversity,microbial communities across all systems were dominated by mortierellomycota, ascomycota, actinobacteriota, and proteobacteriota, with ascomycota and actinobacteriota identified as key taxa driving nutrient utilization under agroforestry practices. (5)Partial Mantel test revealed than the dominant factors influencing bacterial and fungal communities were soil organic carbon,total nitrogen(TN)and plant Simpson index(P<0.001).In the forest-funus system,both catalase activity and cellulase activity exhibited significant effects on fungal communities,whereas in the forest-vegetable system,soil organic carbon content and C to N ratio,along with the plant Simpson index in control plots,showed notable impacts on fungal communities(P<0.05).Additionally,the plant Shannon index and soil sucrase activity in control plots were indentified as the primary drivers of bacterial community composition(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Agroforestry management initially disrupts understory communities and soil ecosystems, but gradually enhances species richness, nutrient cycling efficiency, and microbial functional stability.