【目的】探究油楠(Sindora glabra)种源家系试验林生长性状的遗传变异规律,确定油楠种源家系早期选择的适宜年龄,为筛选优良种源家系提供科学依据。【方法】对4、5、6、8、10年生油楠6个种源63个家系的生长性状进行调查,分析不同种源家系生长性状在各林龄的遗传变化规律,利用主成分分析对早期选择效果进行评价。【结果】不同林龄油楠的树高、胸径、冠幅在种源、家系间的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);各性状表型和遗传变异系数分别为24.63%~39.13%和7.83%~16.65%;家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为0.42~0.79和0.25~0.71,随着林龄增加,各性状遗传力逐渐减小并趋向稳定;各性状表型和遗传相关性极显著(P<0.01),同一性状年份相隔时间越长,相关系数越小;以10年生油楠为标准,在4年生时进行早期选择具有一定可靠性;筛选出13个优良家系,5年内树高、胸径、冠幅现实增益为12.09%~27.24%,遗传增益为5.08%~20.08%。【结论】油楠种源家系具有丰富的遗传变异,生长性状受中等至偏强家系遗传控制且相关性极显著,初步认为在4年生时进行早期选择准确率可能较高,但仍需观测,35、62、45号家系可作为推广应用的首选。

【Objective】This research aims to investigate the patterns of genetic variation in growth traits within a Sindora glabra provenance and family trial forest, determine the optimal age for early selection, and provide a scientific basis for selecting superior provenances and families. 【Method】Growth traits (tree height, DBH, crown diameter) were measured in 63 families from 6 provenances of S. glabra. Genetic variation in these traits was analyzed, and the efficacy of early selection was evaluated using principal component analysis at ages of 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 years. 【Result】Significant differences (P<0.01) in tree height, DBH, and crown diameter were observed among provenances and families across all measurement ages. Phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) ranged from 24.63% to 39.13%, while genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) ranged from 7.83% to 16.65%. Family heritability (${h}_{f}^{2}$) and individual heritability (${h}_{i}^{2}$) for the traits ranged from 0.42 to 0.79 and 0.25 to 0.71, respectively. Heritability values gradually decreased and stabilized with increasing of tree age. Phenotypic and genetic correlations among traits were highly significant (P<0.01), but the correlation coefficients diminished as the time interval between measurements increased. Using the 10-year-old trees as the reference standard, early selection at 4 years old was found to be feasible. Thirteen superior families were identified, achieving actual gains in tree height, DBH, and crown width of 12.09% to 27.24% at age 10, with corresponding genetic gains of 5.08% to 20.08% over the five-year period. 【Conclusion】Provenances and families of S. glabra exhibit substantial genetic variation in growth traits. These traits display moderate to high family heritability and strong genetic correlations. Early selection at age four years shows promising accuracy, although further observation is warranted. Families No. 35, No. 62, and No. 45 are recommended as primary candidates for promotion.