植物高效遗传转化体系研究进展

周芳伟; 徐梁; 石从广; 杨少宗

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202406033

植物高效遗传转化体系研究进展

周芳伟, 徐梁, 石从广, 杨少宗

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 1-13.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 1-13. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202406033

林学前沿

植物高效遗传转化体系研究进展

作者信息 +

Research progress on efficient genetic transformation systems in plants

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

植物遗传转化是现代植物生物技术领域的关键技术手段,不仅深化了人们对植物生物学机制的认知,还推动了植物优良性状改良与精准育种的发展。建立高效的遗传转化与再生体系是实施基因组编辑技术的核心基础。近年来,研究者持续开发新型遗传转化方法,突破传统技术瓶颈,实现外源基因的高效导入及转基因植株的再生。当前,植物遗传转化技术主要包括两大类:直接遗传转化技术,如基因枪法、纳米材料法、电穿孔法、微量注射法、脂质体法和花粉管通道法;间接遗传转化技术,如农杆菌介导的叶盘法、切—浸—萌芽(CDB)递送系统、直接递送(DD)以及快速处理的农杆菌共培养(Fast-TrACC)法等。上述技术已广泛应用于不同植物的性状特异性改良与精准育种,涵盖模式植物、经济作物及林木树种等。本研究系统阐述了各类遗传转化技术的操作原理、分子机制及最新应用进展,旨在为可持续林业与农业发展背景下的植物分子育种计划提供全面的理论框架与实践指导。

Abstract

Plant genetic transformation is a pivotal technology in modern plant biotechnology, which not only deepens our understanding of plant biological mechanisms but also drives the improvement of desirable traits and precision breeding. The establishment of efficient genetic transformation and regeneration systems is the cornerstone for implementing genome editing technologies in plants. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed novel transformation methods to overcome traditional technical bottlenecks, enabling efficient delivery of exogenous genes and regeneration of transgenic plants. Current plant genetic transformation technologies fall into two major categories: direct transformation methods(e.g., particle bombardment, nanoparticle-mediated transformation, electroporation, microinjection, liposome-mediated transformation, and pollen tube pathway-mediated delivery) and indirect transformation approaches (e.g., Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disk method, cut-dip-budding (CDB) delivery system, direct delivery (DD), and fast-treated Agrobacterium co-culture (Fast-TrACC) method). These techniques have been widely applied for trait-specific improvement and precision breeding across diverse plant species, ranging from model plants to economically important crops and forest trees. This review systematically elucidates the operational principles, molecular mechanisms, and recent advances of various genetic transformation technologies, aiming to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework and practical guidance for plant molecular breeding programs in the context of sustainable forestry and agricultural development.

导出引用

周芳伟, 徐梁, 石从广, 等. 植物高效遗传转化体系研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2026, 50(3): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202406033

ZHOU Fangwei, XU Liang, SHI Congguang, et al. Research progress on efficient genetic transformation systems in plants[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(3): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202406033

中图分类号： Q78;S72

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