【目的】蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)富含花色苷等活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血脂等生理功能,近年来备受关注。不同品种蓝莓在果实品质和功能成分上存在显著差异,明确这些差异对育种和加工具有重要意义。对比研究10个高花色苷蓝莓品种的果实品质特性,为鲜食品种选育、功能产品研发及优质育种亲本筛选提供参考。【方法】选取南高丛(V. corymbosum)、北高丛和兔眼蓝莓(V. ashei)品种共10个,测定成熟果实的外观特性(色度、果径、果质量、硬度)、营养成分(糖、酸含量)及功能成分(多酚、花色苷、黄酮、鞣花酸含量),并进行相关性分析和聚类分析,综合评价果实品质。【结果】花色苷质量分数的变异系数最大(27.16%),总酸质量分数次之(26.61%),可溶性固形物质量分数变异系数最小(2.84%)。功能成分方面,‘森吐里昂’(‘Centurion’)、‘埃利奥特’(‘Elliott’)、‘园蓝’(Cardenblue)、‘寨选4号’(‘Zhzixuan No.4’)和‘蓝美1号’(‘Lanmei No. 1’)的花色苷含量较高,其中‘森吐里昂’全果花色苷质量分数达3.09 mg/g,‘埃利奥特’果皮花色苷质量分数最高(41.92 mg/g)。多酚、黄酮和鞣花酸与花色苷含量呈显著正相关,果皮与功能成分含量呈正相关。外观方面,‘布里吉塔’(‘Brigitta’)单果质量最大(2.42 g),‘蓝美1号’果形最圆,‘埃利奥特’果形最扁。‘蓝丰’(‘Blue crop’)、‘布里吉塔’、‘灿烂’(‘Bright well’)等果粉较多的品种硬度较高,耐贮藏性较好。固酸比分析表明,‘寨选4号’、‘灿烂’、‘蓝丰’和‘园蓝’固酸比高于20,口感较甜,适合鲜食。【结论】10个品种中,‘森吐里昂’、‘埃利奥特’和‘园蓝’、‘乡铃’(‘Homebell’)和‘寨选4号’花色苷等功能成分含量高,适合作为功能成分提取原料和高营养保健育种亲本。‘蓝丰’、‘布里吉塔’、‘灿烂’等品种固酸比高、外观品质好,更适合鲜食市场。果皮较厚的品种适合加工和功能成分提取,果粉多的品种在贮藏保鲜方面具有优势,为采后保鲜技术提供了新思路。

【Objective】Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their rich content of bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, which exhibit a wide range of physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects. These functional properties make blueberries a valuable fruit for both dietary consumption and potential therapeutic applications. However, significant variations exist in fruit quality and functional component profiles among different blueberry cultivars. Understanding these variations is crucial for the selection of breeding parents, the development of functional food products, and the optimization of post-harvest processing techniques. This study aims to systematically compare the fruit quality characteristics and functional component profiles of ten high-anthocyanin blueberry cultivars, providing a scientific basis for the selection of fresh-eating varieties, the development of functional products, and the identification of superior breeding materials. 【Method】Ten high-anthocyanin blueberry cultivars, including southern highbush, northern highbush, and rabbiteye cultivars, were selected for this study. The fruits were harvested from the experimental blueberry orchard at the Nanjing Lishui Research Base of the Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, during the period from May to July in 2024. The study focused on evaluating the external characteristics (color, fruit diameter, fruit weight and firmness), nutritional components (soluble solids content, total acid content and solid-acid ratio), and functional components (polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids and ellagic acid) of both whole fruits and fruit peels. The content of these components was measured using standardized methods, and correlation and cluster analyses were conducted to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality. The study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the functional and nutritional properties of blueberries and to determine the relationships between these factors.【Result】Among all the measured indicators, the coefficient of variation for anthocyanin content was the highest (27.16%), followed by total acid content (26.61%), while the variation in soluble solid content was the lowest (2.84%). In terms of functional components, cultivars such as ‘Centurion’, ‘Elliott’, ‘Gardenblue’, ‘Zhaixuan No.4’, and ‘Lanmei No.1’ exhibited higher anthocyanin content. Specifically, ‘Centurion’ had the highest anthocyanin content in the whole fruit (3.09 mg/g), while ‘Elliott’ showed the highest anthocyanin content in the peel (41.92 mg/g). Polyphenol, flavonoid, and ellagic acid contents were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin content, indicating a close relationship among these functional components. Additionally, the peel mass fraction was positively correlated with the content of functional components, suggesting that thicker peels are associated with higher levels of bioactive compounds. In terms of external fruit characteristics, ‘Brigitta’ had the largest single fruit weight (2.42 g), followed by ‘Brightwell’ and ‘Centurion’. ‘Lanmei No.1’ exhibited the most rounded fruit shape, while ‘Elliott’ had the flattest shape. Cultivars with more abundant fruit wax, such as ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Brightwell’, showed higher fruit firmness and better storage performance. The analysis of the soluble solids-to-acid ratio (SSR) revealed that cultivars like ‘Zhaixuan No.4’, ‘Brightwell’, ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Gardenblue’ had SSR values above 20, indicating a sweeter taste and making them more suitable for fresh consumption.【Conclusion】Among the ten cultivars studied, ‘Centurion’, ‘Elliott’, ‘Gardenblue’, ‘Homebell’ and ‘Zhaixuan No.4’ exhibited high levels of functional components, particularly anthocyanins, making them ideal candidates for the extraction of bioactive compounds and as breeding parents for high-nutrition and health-promoting blueberry varieties. On the other hand, cultivars such as ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Brightwell’, with their higher SSR values and superior external qualities, are more suitable for the fresh fruit market. The study also highlighted that thicker peels are associated with higher functional component content, suggesting that cultivars with thicker peels are more suitable for processing and the extraction of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, cultivars with more abundant fruit wax demonstrated better storage performance, providing new insights for post-harvest preservation technologies in blueberries. This study systematically compared the fruit quality of ten high-anthocyanin blueberry cultivars in the Nanjing region, revealing significant differences in functional component content and external characteristics among the cultivars. The findings provide a scientific basis for blueberry breeding and processing, particularly for the selection of high-anthocyanin cultivars and the development of functional products.