【目的】综合评价南京地区46个蓝莓品种的果实特性,为蓝莓良种筛选和育种提供参考信息。【方法】测定蓝莓果实外观和内在品质指标,考察感官特点并评分,通过相关性、主成分和聚类分析对46个蓝莓品种进行分类评定。【结果】从3种类型来看,北高丛蓝莓果实最大,硬度和酸度最高,感官评分最高;南高丛蓝莓果实偏小,硬度最低,甜度最高,总多酚含量最高,感官评分最低;兔眼蓝莓的果实较大,果皮占比最高,总花色苷含量最高。外观指标中去果粉色度a^*的变异系数最高(2 926.91%),其次为原果色度(370.96%);品质指标中固酸比的变异系数最高(42.77%),其次为果实总花色苷含量(39.78%);感官评分的变异系数最小(低于10%)。相关性分析结果表明,果实越大果皮占比越低,总多酚含量越低。总酸含量是果实酸甜度的决定性指标。外观和综合评分与代表果实大小的单果质量、横径和纵径呈极显著正相关,可见大果是感官评定时的一个首选指标。聚类分析将46个品种分为3类,其中第Ⅰ类果实大,硬度高,酸度高;第Ⅱ类果实较大,甜度高;第Ⅲ类果实较小,果皮占比高,属于高花色苷和多酚含量的加工类型。以主成分分析将11个外观和品质指标降维为4个主成分,累计贡献率为75.217%。感官评定发现,46个蓝莓品种的果实除大小、酸甜度和营养成分含量高低的差异之外,还有果粉厚度、口感以及果香味的差异,并通过感官评定确定了7个大果品种‘天后’、‘新千年’、‘珠宝’、‘钱德勒’、‘布里吉塔’、‘奥罗拉’和‘巨蓝’,3个甜度较高的品种‘安娜’、‘甜心’和‘灿烂’,4个口感极佳的品种‘阳光’、‘玉蓝’、‘布里吉塔’和‘贝姬蓝’,3个果香浓郁的品种‘玉蓝’、‘甜心’和‘红粉佳人’。综合评定发现,感官评定与主成分及聚类分析的结果基本一致。【结论】46个蓝莓品种中,‘巨蓝’、‘钱德勒’、‘甜心’、‘布里吉塔’、‘新千年’、‘贝姬蓝’、‘天后’、‘灿烂’、‘玉蓝’、‘红粉佳人’等10个品种果实的鲜食品质较好(大果、高甜度、口感脆硬和果香浓郁),推荐用于鲜食; ‘园蓝’、‘中植4号’、‘寨选4号’、‘巴尔德温’和‘森吐里昂’等5个品种果实的营养品质较好(高花色苷、多酚含量和高果皮占比),推荐用于加工。这些品种也可以作为相应育种目标的亲本材料。

【Objective】This research aims to evaluate the fruit characteristics of 46 blueberry cultivars for selection and breeding purposes. 【Method】The fruit appearance, inner quality and sensory properties of 46 blueberry cultivars were investigated, then classified and evaluated by correlation, principal component and cluster analyses. 【Result】The northern highbush blueberry exhibited the largest fruit size, highest and acidity levels, and achieved the highest sensory score. The fruit of southern highbush blueberry was the smallest, with the lowest hardness and sensory score, the highest sweetness and total polyphenol content. The fruit of rabbit eye blueberry was larger than southern highbush blueberry, with the highest pericarp ratio and total anthocyanin content. Among appearance indices, the chromaticity a^* of fruit with epicuticular powder removed exhibited the highest coefficient of variation (CV) at 2 926.91%, followed closely by the original fruit chromaticity a^* at 370.96%. The CV of solid acid ratio (42.77%) was the highest among quality indices, followed by total anthocyanin content (39.78%), and the CV of sensory score was the lowest (<10%). Correlation analysis revealed that larger fruit size was associated with lower pericarp percentage and total polyphenol content. The acidity had the greatest effect on the solid acid ratio of blueberry fruits. Sensory evaluation indices, including appearance and comprehensive scores, showed significant positive correlations with fruit weight, transverse diameter, and longitudinal diameter, indicating that larger fruit size is a preferred characteristic in sensory evaluation. Cluster analysis showed that the 46 blueberry cultivars were divided into three types, among which the first type had the largest fruit with high hardness and acidity, the second type had the second-largest fruit with the highest sweetness, and the third type had the smallest fruit with high pericarp ratio, belonging to the processing type with high total anthocyanin and polyphenol content. Principal component analysis reduced the 11 appearance and quality indices to four principal components, explaining 75.217% of the total variance. Sensory evaluation revealed that, in addition to differences in size, sweet-sour balance and nutrient content, the 46 blueberry cultivars also varied in wax thickness, texture and fruity aroma, and seven large-fruit cultivars of ‘Primadonna’, ‘Millennia’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Aurora’ and ‘Prolific’, 3 high sweetness cultivars of ‘Anna’ ‘Sweetheart’ and ‘Brightwell’, and four excellent taste cultivars of ‘Sunshine’, ‘Magnolia’, ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Beckyblue’ were selected. Comprehensive evaluation showed that sensory assessment results were largely consistent with principal component and cluster analyses. 【Conclusion】The 10 cultivars with large fruit size, high sweetness, crisp texture and rich aroma were ‘Prolific’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Sweetheart’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Millennia’, ‘Beckyblue’, ‘Primadonna’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Magnolia’ and ‘Pink Lemonade’, which were recommended for fresh consumption, and the 5 cultivars with high total anthocyanins and polyphenols content and high pericarp percent were ‘Gardenblue’, ‘Zhongzhi 4’, ‘Zhaixuan 4’, ‘Baldwin’ and ‘Centurion’, which can be used for processing blueberry products. These cultivars can also serve as parental materials for corresponding breeding objectives.