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银杏无性系木材密度、主要化学成分和管胞形态的研究及综合评价
李雄杰, 高钿惠, 巢锦一, 王叶乔, 涂颢川, 郑婧婧, 汪贵斌, 余鹏飞
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6) : 171-180.
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银杏无性系木材密度、主要化学成分和管胞形态的研究及综合评价
Study and comprehensive evaluation on wood density, main chemical components and tracheid morphology of Ginkgo biloba clones
【目的】阐明银杏无性系材性差异,筛选材质优良的无性系,以期为银杏优良材用无性系选育、木材加工利用及定向培育提供理论依据。【方法】以江苏省邳州市银杏种质资源圃的22个银杏无性系为材料,分析木材基本密度、主要化学成分、管胞形态特性等11个材性指标变异规律,采用隶属函数法和布雷金多性状综合评价法进行木材材质评价,筛选优良材用无性系。【结果】除管胞长宽比外,其余10项材性性状在各银杏无性系间呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。各材性性状变异系数变化范围为9.21%~23.81%,重复力为0.316~0.988。相关性分析表明,木材密度与纤维素和木质素质量分数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),管胞长度、宽度及腔径三者间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。根据隶属函数法,排名前二的是无性系37和23;基于布雷金多性状综合评价法,以10%为入选率,筛选出无性系37和23,其材性性状遗传增益变化范围为-10.13%~10.03%。2种评价方法筛选结果一致,无性系37和23基本密度较大,管胞长度较长、长宽比较大、纤维素质量分数较高、木质素质量分数较低、壁腔比较小,符合优质纤维材的标准。【结论】基本密度很大程度受遗传控制,具有较大选择潜力;综合评价结果初步认定无性系37和23为优良无性系,其纤维长度较长、木质素质量分数较低,可作为优质纤维用材无性系在生产实践中推广利用。
【Objective】This study aims to elucidate the differences in wood properties among Ginkgo biloba clones and to screen for superior clones, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-quality timber clones, wood processing and utilization, and directional cultivation.【Method】22 G. biloba clones from a germplasm nursery in Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, were studied. Variation patterns in 11 wood property traits: including basic wood density, main chemical components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), and tracheid morphological characteristics (length, width, lumen diameter, wall thickness, length-to-width ratio, wall-to-lumen ratio) were analyzed. Wood quality of these clones was evaluated using the membership function method and the Bregman multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method to screen for superior timber-purpose clones.【Result】Except for the tracheid length-to-width ratio, the other 10 wood property traits exhibited highly significant differences among clones (P<0.01). The coefficients of variation (CV) for these traits ranged from 9.21% to 23.81%, and repeatability ranged from 0.316 to 0.988. Correlation analysis revealed that basic wood density was significantly positively correlated with cellulose and lignin content (P<0.01). Additionally, tracheid length, width, and lumen diameter were significantly positively correlated with each other (P<0.01). The membership function method ranked clones 37 and 23 as the top two. Using the Breggin method with a 10% selection rate, clones 37 and 23 were also selected. The genetic gain for the wood properties of these selected clones ranged from -10.13% to 10.03%. Both evaluation methods yielded consistent results: clones 37 and 23 exhibited higher basic density, longer tracheid length, a larger length-to-width ratio, higher cellulose content, lower lignin content, and a smaller wall-to-lumen ratio, meeting the criteria for high-quality fiber material.【Conclusion】Basic wood density is substantially controlled by genetics, indicating considerable potential for selection. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, clones 37 and 23 characterized by long tracheid length and low lignin content, are recommended as superior fiber timber clones for practical application in production.
银杏 / 无性系 / 表型变异 / 重复力 / 木材材性 / 综合评价法
Ginkgo biloba / clones / phenotypic variation / repeatability / wood properties / comprehensive assessment method
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We analyzed the variation patterns of growth and wood properties of 24 different provenances of 18-year-old <i>Schima superba</i> in Jian’ou, Fujian Province. A total of 11 growth and wood indices were measured, including tree height, diameter at breast height, wood basic density and anatomical structure. We analyzed the geographical variation patterns of growth and wood properties, and the provenance areas were divided. Further, the excellent timber provenances were selected according to different uses. The results showed that the variation of growth traits, which was 17.6%-27.3% with mean value of 22.4%, was larger than that of wood properties (7.0%-21.0%, mean 12.7%). Growth properties and some wood properties (fiber length, fiber lumen diameter and fiber cell wall thickness) had significant differences among provenances. Growth traits were not correlated with fiber traits, and they could be selected independently without emphasis on other traits. There was significant correlation between the longitudinal and radial growth indicators of wood properties, but they were not correlated with the wood basic density, which could be selected independently. In addition, the growth and wood properties were significantly influenced by temperature and precipitation, which showed a latitudinal variation pattern. According to Q-type clustering analysis, 24 provenances could be divided into four categories, of which southern provenances from distribution area of <i>S. superba</i> had vigorous growth and supper wood properties. They had smaller microfibril angle, higher maturity, longer fiber length, and thicker fiber cell wall. Finally, five excellent provenances were selected according to pulpwood and building use.
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通过对白桦（Betula platyphylla）半同胞家系生长和纸浆材性状的遗传变异规律研究，筛选出优良的纸浆材家系，为白桦材性遗传改良提供理论基础。以7年生32个白桦半同胞家系为试材，对各个家系生长和木材性状进行方差分析、计算遗传参数，并估算配合力，采用多种选择方法进行优良家系选择并且评价优良亲本。结果表明：家系间的生长和木材性状均达到了极显著差异水平（P<0.01），且家系遗传力处于0.71~1.00，单株遗传力在2.0~3.0，表型变异系数处于5.88%~49.84%。胸径、树高、材积3个性状之间达到了极显著强正相关关系（r值：0.70~0.97），纤维长宽比与纤维长度之间存在极显著强正相关关系（r值：0.69），与纤维宽度存在极显著强负相关关系（r值：-0.76）。利用一般配合力进行优良亲本评价，材积、基本密度、纤维长度的一般配合力分别是-0.001 1~0.001 0、-0.04~0.07、-112.09~77.36，选择出A13、A12、A21、A24四个家系的母本属于优良亲本。通过布雷金多性状综合分析法、主成分分析法和育种值评价法进行优良家系评价，比较3个方法的优劣，最终选择出5个优良纸浆材家系，入选家系的材积和综纤维素平均遗传增益分别达到12.97%和3.40%。选择出A12、A17、A23、A19、A1为优良纸浆材家系，为进一步选育白桦速生纸浆材良种提供材料。
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