【目的】阐明银杏无性系材性差异,筛选材质优良的无性系,以期为银杏优良材用无性系选育、木材加工利用及定向培育提供理论依据。【方法】以江苏省邳州市银杏种质资源圃的22个银杏无性系为材料,分析木材基本密度、主要化学成分、管胞形态特性等11个材性指标变异规律,采用隶属函数法和布雷金多性状综合评价法进行木材材质评价,筛选优良材用无性系。【结果】除管胞长宽比外,其余10项材性性状在各银杏无性系间呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。各材性性状变异系数变化范围为9.21%~23.81%,重复力为0.316~0.988。相关性分析表明,木材密度与纤维素和木质素质量分数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),管胞长度、宽度及腔径三者间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。根据隶属函数法,排名前二的是无性系37和23;基于布雷金多性状综合评价法,以10%为入选率,筛选出无性系37和23,其材性性状遗传增益变化范围为-10.13%~10.03%。2种评价方法筛选结果一致,无性系37和23基本密度较大,管胞长度较长、长宽比较大、纤维素质量分数较高、木质素质量分数较低、壁腔比较小,符合优质纤维材的标准。【结论】基本密度很大程度受遗传控制,具有较大选择潜力;综合评价结果初步认定无性系37和23为优良无性系,其纤维长度较长、木质素质量分数较低,可作为优质纤维用材无性系在生产实践中推广利用。

【Objective】This study aims to elucidate the differences in wood properties among Ginkgo biloba clones and to screen for superior clones, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-quality timber clones, wood processing and utilization, and directional cultivation.【Method】22 G. biloba clones from a germplasm nursery in Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, were studied. Variation patterns in 11 wood property traits: including basic wood density, main chemical components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), and tracheid morphological characteristics (length, width, lumen diameter, wall thickness, length-to-width ratio, wall-to-lumen ratio) were analyzed. Wood quality of these clones was evaluated using the membership function method and the Bregman multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method to screen for superior timber-purpose clones.【Result】Except for the tracheid length-to-width ratio, the other 10 wood property traits exhibited highly significant differences among clones (P<0.01). The coefficients of variation (CV) for these traits ranged from 9.21% to 23.81%, and repeatability ranged from 0.316 to 0.988. Correlation analysis revealed that basic wood density was significantly positively correlated with cellulose and lignin content (P<0.01). Additionally, tracheid length, width, and lumen diameter were significantly positively correlated with each other (P<0.01). The membership function method ranked clones 37 and 23 as the top two. Using the Breggin method with a 10% selection rate, clones 37 and 23 were also selected. The genetic gain for the wood properties of these selected clones ranged from -10.13% to 10.03%. Both evaluation methods yielded consistent results: clones 37 and 23 exhibited higher basic density, longer tracheid length, a larger length-to-width ratio, higher cellulose content, lower lignin content, and a smaller wall-to-lumen ratio, meeting the criteria for high-quality fiber material.【Conclusion】Basic wood density is substantially controlled by genetics, indicating considerable potential for selection. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, clones 37 and 23 characterized by long tracheid length and low lignin content, are recommended as superior fiber timber clones for practical application in production.