水曲柳雌雄株吸收根生物量与形态结构的季节动态

贾红涛; 卫星; 李伟; 吴纯泽; 韦庆钰; 韩春丽

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410037

贾红涛, 卫星, 李伟, 吴纯泽, 韦庆钰, 韩春丽

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2) : 149-157.

PDF(2377 KB)

国家林草科技领军期刊
中国精品科技期刊
中国高校百佳科技期刊
江苏省新闻出版政府奖期刊奖
RCCSE林学权威期刊（A+）
CSCD核心期刊
Scopus数据库收录期刊
中文核心期刊
SCD核心期刊

作者加群：102861116

微信公众号：南京林业大学学报

高级检索

PDF(2377 KB)

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2) : 149-157. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410037

研究论文

水曲柳雌雄株吸收根生物量与形态结构的季节动态

作者信息 +

Seasonal dynamic on biomass and morphological structure of absorptive root between female and male Fraxinus mandshurica

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】明确雌雄异株型个体吸收根发育与生殖过程的关系,认识雌雄异株吸收根性别二态性。为雌雄异株型个体精准养分管理提供借鉴。【方法】以成熟的水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)雌株和雄株为试验对象,采用根钻法和石蜡切片技术对生长季(4—8月)雌株和雄株1、2、3级吸收根生物量、形态特征、解剖特征和菌根侵染率进行系统分析。【结果】水曲柳雌株和雄株吸收根生物量随季节变化均呈上升趋势。水曲柳雄花开放之前,雌株和雄株1~3级根生物量相似;雄花开放到雌花开放之前,雄株吸收根显著增加33.14%,雌株吸收根生物量无显著变化;雌花开放至种子形态成熟,雌株和雄株吸收根生物量都表现出逐渐增加的趋势,雌株和雄株吸收根生物量分别增加481.63%和393.90%(P<0.05)。相同季节内,雄株吸收根根长密度均高于雌株,其中,雄株1级根根长密度在种子形态成熟时是雌株的2.27倍。水曲柳雌株和雄株1~3级吸收根直径随季节变化不同。雄株1级根平均直径在6、8月分别比雌株高21.80%、15.52%(P<0.05)。解剖结构分析表明,雄株1级根平均直径的增加是由皮层厚度增加造成的,维管束直径没有发生显著变化。6、8月,雄株1级根皮层厚度分别比雌株厚11.57%、7.73%(P<0.05),且菌根侵染率比雌株高4.45%、3.84%。【结论】水曲柳雌雄株吸收根生物量的季节动态与地上雌雄花发育和种子形成密切相关,雄株吸收根发育早,且雄株吸收根生物量在整个生长季均大于雌株。雌株和雄株吸收根季节变化也具有性别二态性。

Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to clarify the relationship between absorptive root development and reproductive processes in dioecious Fraxinus mandshurica, investigate gender dimorphism in root traits, and provide insights for sex-specific nutrient management strategies.【Method】Using mature female and male F. mandshurica trees, fine root samples (orders 1-3) were collected across the growing season (April-August) via soil coring. Root biomass, morphology, anatomical structure, and mycorrhizal infection rate were analyzed using root scanning and paraffin sectioning techniques.【Result】Absorptive root biomass increased seasonally in both sexes. Before male flowering, root biomass was similar between genders. From male flowering to female flowering, male root biomass increased by 33.14%, while female biomass remained unchanged. During seed development, both sexes exhibited marked increases in root biomass-females by 481.63% and males by 393.90% (P<0.05).Root length density was consistently higher in males, with the 1st-order root length density being 2.27 times greater in males at seed maturity. Gender-specific seasonal patterns were observed in root diameter, with male 1st-order roots being 21.80% (June) and 15.52% (August) thicker than females (P<0.05). Anatomical analysis revealed that this was due to greater cortical thickness in males (11.57% and 7.73% higher in June and August, respectively; P<0.05), while vascular bundle diameter did not differ. Mycorrhizal infection rate was also higher in males (by 4.45% in June and 3.84% in August).【Conclusion】Seasonal dynamics of absorptive root biomass in F. mandshurica are closely linked to reproductive phenology. Males exhibited earlier root development and maintained higher absorptive root biomass throughout the growing season. The observed gender differences in root morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal association highlight distinct belowground strategies between female and male trees.

导出引用

贾红涛, 卫星, 李伟, 等. 水曲柳雌雄株吸收根生物量与形态结构的季节动态[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2026, 50(2): 149-157 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410037

JIA Hongtao, WEI Xing, LI Wei, et al. Seasonal dynamic on biomass and morphological structure of absorptive root between female and male Fraxinus mandshurica[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(2): 149-157 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410037

中图分类号： S721

参考文献

列表( 原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序 ) 可视化分析

[1]	YU Q, BARRETT S C H, WANG X J, et al. Sexual dimorphism,temporal niche differentiation,and evidence for the Jack Sprat effect in an annual dioecious plant[J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2022, 60(5):1078-1091. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12753. 本文引用 [1]

[2]	XIA Z C, HE Y, YU L, et al. Sex-specific strategies of phosphorus (P) acquisition in Populus cathayana as affected by soil P availability and distribution[J]. New Phytologist, 2020, 225(2):782-792. DOI: 10.1111/nph.16170. 本文引用 [3]

[3]	ESPÍRITO-SANTO M M, MADEIRA B G, NEVES F S, et al. Sexual differences in reproductive phenology and their consequences for the demography of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae),a dioecious tropical shrub[J]. Annals of Botany, 2003, 91(1):13-19. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcg001. 本文引用 [3]

[4]	SÁNCHEZ VILAS J, PANNELL J R. Sexual dimorphism in resource acquisition and deployment:both size and timing matter[J]. Annals of Botany, 2011, 107(1):119-126. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq209. 本文引用 [4]

[5]	LEROY C, CARRIAS J F, CÉRÉGHINO R, et al. The contribution of microorganisms and metazoans to mineral nutrition in bromeliads[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 9(3):241-255. DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtv052. 本文引用 [1]

[6]

谷加存, 王东男, 夏秀雪, 等. 功能划分方法在树木细根生物量研究中的应用:进展与评述[J]. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(12):1344-1351.

J C

, WANG

D N

, XIA

X X

, et al. Applications of functional classification methods for tree fine root biomass estimation:advancements and synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(12):1344-1351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0167.

本文引用 [2]

[7]	IVERSEN C M. Using root form to improve our understanding of root function[J]. New Phytologist, 2014, 203(3):707-709. DOI: 10.1111/nph.12902. 本文引用 [1]

[8]	MCCORMACK M L, DICKIE I A, EISSENSTAT D M, et al. Redefining fine roots improves understanding of below-ground contributions to terrestrial biosphere processes[J]. New Phytologist, 2015, 207(3):505-518. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13363. 本文引用 [1]

[9]	FRESCHET G T, PAGÈS L, IVERSEN C M, et al. A starting guide to root ecology:strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification,sampling,processing and trait measurements[J]. New Phytologist, 2021, 232(3):973-1122. DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572. 本文引用 [1]

[10]	GUO D L, XIA M X, WEI X, et al. Anatomical traits associated with absorption and mycorrhizal colonization are linked to root branch order in twenty-three Chinese temperate tree species[J]. New Phytologist, 2008, 180(3):673-683. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02573.x. 本文引用 [3]

[11]	PREGITZER K S, DEFOREST J L, BURTON A J, et al. Fine root architecture of nine North American trees[J]. Ecological Monographs, 2002, 72(2):293-309. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0293:FRAONN]2.0.CO;2. 本文引用 [4]

[12]	DU X Z, WEI X. Definition of fine roots on the basis of the root anatomy,diameter,and branch orders of one-year old Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2018, 29(5):1321-1327. DOI: 10.1007/s11676-017-0561-x. 本文引用 [1]

[13]	WANG Z Q, GUO D L, WANG X R, et al. Fine root architecture,morphology,and biomass of different branch orders of two Chinese temperate tree species[J]. Plant and Soil, 2006, 288(1):155-171. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-006-9101-8. 本文引用 [1]

[14]	GU J C, XU Y, DONG X Y, et al. Root diameter variations explained by anatomy and phylogeny of 50 tropical and temperate tree species[J]. Tree Physiology, 2014, 34(4):415-425. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu019. 本文引用 [1]

[15]	ZHU Z, QI F H, YAN C F, et al. Sexually different morphological,physiological and molecular responses of Fraxinus mandshurica flowers to floral development and chilling stress[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2016, 99:97-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.006. 本文引用 [1]

[16]	ZHANG C Y, ZHAO X H, GAO L S, et al. Gender,neighboring competition and habitat effects on the stem growth in dioecious Fraxinus mandshurica trees in a northern temperate forest[J]. Annals of Forest Science, 2009, 66(8):812. DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009068. 本文引用 [1]

[17]	HARRIS M S, PANNELL J R. Roots,shoots and reproduction:sexual dimorphism in size and costs of reproductive allocation in an annual herb[J]. Proceedings.Biological Sciences, 2008, 275(1651):2595-2602. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0585. 本文引用 [2]

[18]	杜欣竹. 不同发育阶段水曲柳菌根和根毛的时空异质性[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2018. DU X Z. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the mycorrhiza fungi and root hair of Fraxinus mandshurica trees with different developmental stages[D]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2018. 本文引用 [1]

[19]	盛萍萍, 刘润进, 李敏. 丛枝菌根观察与侵染率测定方法的比较[J]. 菌物学报, 2011, 30(4):519-525. SHENG P P, LIU R J, LI M. Methodological comparison of observation and colonization measurement of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Mycosystema, 2011, 30(4):519-525. DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.2011.04.002. 本文引用 [1]

[20]	TEITEL Z, PICKUP M, FIELD D L, et al. The dynamics of resource allocation and costs of reproduction in a sexually dimorphic,wind-pollinated dioecious plant[J]. Plant Biology, 2016, 18(1):98-103. DOI: 10.1111/plb.12336. 本文引用 [4]

[21]	ABRAMOFF R Z, FINZI A C. Are above-and below-ground phenology in sync?[J]. New Phytologist, 2015, 205(3):1054-1061. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13111. 本文引用 [1]

[22]	JOSLIN J D, WOLFE M H, HANSON P J. Factors controlling the timing of root elongation intensity in a mature upland oak stand[J]. Plant and Soil, 2001, 228(2):201-212. DOI: 10.1023/A:1004866705021. 本文引用 [1]

[23]	STEINAKER D F, WILSON S D. Phenology of fine roots and leaves in forest and grassland[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2008, 96(6):1222-1229. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01439.x. 本文引用 [1]

[24]	SCHWIEGER S, BLUME-WERRY G, PETERS B, et al. Patterns and drivers in spring and autumn phenology differ above-and belowground in four ecosystems under the same macroclimatic conditions[J]. Plant and Soil, 2019, 445(1):217-229. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-019-04300-w. 本文引用 [1]

[25]	ALVAREZ-URIA P, KÖRNER C. Low temperature limits of root growth in deciduous and evergreen temperate tree species[J]. Functional Ecology, 2007, 21(2):211-218. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01231.x. 本文引用 [1]

[26]

DRUEGE

, KADNER

. Response of post-storage carbohydrate levels in Pelargonium cuttings to reduced air temperature during rooting and the relationship with leaf senescence and adventitious root formation[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2008, 47(1):126-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.008.

本文引用 [1]

[27]	MEI L, XIONG Y M, GU J C, et al. Whole-tree dynamics of non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen pools across different seasons and in response to girdling in two temperate trees[J]. Oecologia, 2015, 177(2):333-344. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3186-1. 本文引用 [1]

[28]	LIU M, KORPELAINEN H, LI C Y. Sexual differences and sex ratios of dioecious plants under stressful environments[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 14(5):920-933. DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtab038. 本文引用 [1]

[29]	ZHANG S, JIANG H, PENG S M, et al. Sex-related differences in morphological,physiological,and ultrastructural responses of Populus cathayana to chilling[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011, 62(2):675-686. 本文引用 [1]

[30]	OBESO J R. The costs of reproduction in plants[J]. New Phytologist, 2002, 155(3):321-348. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00477.x. 本文引用 [1]

[31]	DESOTO L, OLANO J M, ROZAS V. Secondary growth and carbohydrate storage patterns differ between sexes in Juniperus thurifera[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, 7:723. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00723. 本文引用 [1]

[32]	ARIEL H M, ALEJANDRO R J F. Sex-related climate sensitivity of Araucaria araucana Patagonian forest-steppe ecotone[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2016, 362:130-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.049. 本文引用 [1]

[33]	ZHANG C Y, ZHAO X H, GAO L S, et al. Gender-related distributions of Fraxinus mandshurica in secondary and old-growth forests[J]. Acta Oecologica, 2010, 36(1):55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.10.001. 本文引用 [1]

[34]	CHEN W L, KOIDE R T, ADAMS T S, et al. Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees[J]. PNAS, 2016, 113(31):8741-8746. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601006113. 本文引用 [2]

[35]	FRESCHET G T, ROUMET C, COMAS L H, et al. Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning:current understanding,pitfalls and future research needs[J]. New Phytologist, 2021, 232(3):1123-1158. DOI: 10.1111/nph.17072. 本文引用 [1]

[36]	NOWAK K, GIERTYCH M J, PERS-KAMCZYC E, et al. Rich but not poor conditions determine sex-specific differences in growth rate of juvenile dioecious plants[J]. Journal of Plant Research, 2021, 134(5):947-962. DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01296-2. 本文引用 [1]

[37]	WANG Y H, ZHANG N L, WANG M Q, et al. Sex-specific differences in the physiological and biochemical performance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated mulberry clones under salinity stress[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, 12:614162. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614162. 本文引用 [2]

[38]	NICOTRA A B, CHAZDON R L, MONTGOMERY R A. Sexes show contrasting patterns of leaf and crown carbon gain in a dioecious rainforest shrub[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2003, 90(3):347-355. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.3.347. 本文引用 [2]

[39]	NOWAK-DYJETA K, GIERTYCH M J, THOMAS P, et al. Males and females of Juniperus communis L.and Taxus baccata L.show different seasonal patterns of nitrogen and carbon content in needles[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2017, 39(8):191. DOI: 10.1007/s11738-017-2489-3. 本文引用 [1]

[40]	NICOTRA A B. Reproductive allocation and the long-term costs of reproduction in Siparuna grandiflora,a dioecious neo-tropical shrub[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1999, 87(1):138-149. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00337.x. 本文引用 [1]

[41]	MATSUYAMA S, SAKIMOTO M. Sexual dimorphism of reproductive allocation at shoot and tree levels in Zanthoxylum ailanthoides,a pioneer dioecious tree[J]. Botany, 2010, 88(10):867-874. DOI: 10.1139/b10-058. 本文引用 [1]

[42]	TORIMARU T, TOMARU N. Reproductive investment at stem and genet levels in male and female plants of the clonal dioecious shrub Ilex leucoclada (A quifoliaceae)[J]. Botany, 2012, 90(4):301-310. DOI: 10.1139/b2012-004. 本文引用 [1]

[43]

卫星, 刘颖, 陈海波. 黄波罗不同根序的解剖结构及其功能异质性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(6):1238-1247.

WEI

, LIU

, CHEN

H B

. Anatomical and functional heterogeneity among different root orders of Phellodendron amurense[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 2008, 32(6):1238-1247. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.004.

本文引用 [1]

[44]	MA Z Q, GUO D L, XU X L, et al. Evolutionary history resolves global organization of root functional traits[J]. Nature, 2018, 555(7694):94-97. DOI: 10.1038/nature25783. 本文引用 [1]

[45]

王文娜, 王燕, 王韶仲, 等. 氮有效性增加对细根解剖、形态特征和菌根侵染的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(4):1294-1302.

WANG

W N

, WANG

S Z

, et al. Effects of elevated N availability on anatomy,morphology and mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots:a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(4):1294-1302. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201604.032.

本文引用 [1]