氮素形态对薄壳山核桃生长生理特性的影响

乔振兵; 谌梦云; 朱嘉驹; 卢龙涛; 朱凯凯; 谭鹏鹏; 彭方仁

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202411014

氮素形态对薄壳山核桃生长生理特性的影响

乔振兵, 谌梦云, 朱嘉驹, 卢龙涛, 朱凯凯, 谭鹏鹏, 彭方仁

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1) : 160-169.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1) : 160-169. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202411014

研究论文

氮素形态对薄壳山核桃生长生理特性的影响

作者信息 +

Effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth and physiological characteristics of Carya illinoensis

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)是植物吸收的两种主要无机氮形态,在植物的生长发育中起到重要作用。筛选薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)生长的最适氮素形态配比,可以为提高薄壳山核桃氮素利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】以14年生薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’)为试验材料,设置6个处理: NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N质量比分别为100∶0(T1)、72∶25(T2)、50∶50(T3)、25∶75(T4)、0∶100(T5)和不施氮肥作为对照(CK)。通过对氮素形态处理下的薄壳山核桃生长生理特性进行方差分析、相关性分析以及主成分分析,初步确定了最佳的氮素形态配比。【结果】T2处理显著提高薄壳山核桃叶片叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量、种仁游离氨基酸含量和粗脂肪含量;在T3处理下薄壳山核桃树高和胸径生长量显著提高,根和种仁铵态氮含量显著降低,而叶片中铵态氮含量显著提高;T4处理显著提高薄壳山核桃根和叶片的可溶性糖含量、根和种仁的可溶性蛋白含量以及游离氨基酸含量;T5处理显著提高了种仁中的可溶性糖含量。相关性分析结果表明,薄壳山核桃绝大多数指标间存在正相关关系。主成分分析及综合评价结果发现,T4处理最有利于促进薄壳山核桃的生长发育。【结论】通过对氮素形态配比处理下的薄壳山核桃进行生长生理特性分析、相关性分析及主成分分析,发现T4处理对薄壳山核桃的生长发育促进效果最佳,这为提高薄壳山核桃氮素利用效率提供了理论基础。

Abstract

【Objective】 Ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) are the two primary inorganic nitrogen forms absorbed by plants and play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Screening the optimal nitrogen form ratio for pecan (Carya illinoinensis) growth can provide a theoretical basis for improving its nitrogen use efficiency.【Method】The experiment used 14-year-old pecan trees of the C. illinoinensis ‘Pawnee’ cultivar as plant materials. Six treatments were established with NO₃^--N to NH₄⁺-N mass ratios of 100∶0 (T1), 72∶25 (T2), 50∶50 (T3), 25∶75 (T4), 0∶100 (T5), and a no-nitrogen fertilizer control (CK). Variance analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were conducted on the growth and physiological characteristics of pecan under different nitrogen form treatments to preliminarily determine the optimal nitrogen form ratio.【Result】The results showed that the T2 treatment significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in pecan leaves, as well as the free amino acid and crude fat contents in the kernels. Under T3 treatment, tree height and diameter at breast height growth were significantly enhanced, ammonium nitrogen content in roots and kernels was significantly reduced, while ammonium nitrogen content in leaves was significantly increased. T4 treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content in roots and leaves, as well as the soluble protein and free amino acid contents in both roots and kernels. The T5 treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content in the kernels. Correlation analysis indicated positive relationships between the majority of the measured parameters in pecan. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation revealed that the T4 treatment was most conducive to promoting the growth and development of pecan. 【Conclusion】Through the analysis of growth and physiological characteristics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis of pecan under different nitrogen form ratio treatments, it was found that the T4 treatment had the best promoting effect on the growth and development of pecan. This provides a theoretical foundation for improving nitrogen use efficiency in pecan.

导出引用

乔振兵, 谌梦云, 朱嘉驹, 等. 氮素形态对薄壳山核桃生长生理特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2026, 50(1): 160-169 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202411014

QIAO Zhenbing, CHEN Mengyun, ZHU Jiaju, et al. Effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth and physiological characteristics of Carya illinoensis[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(1): 160-169 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202411014

中图分类号： S794

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