【目的】综合分析与评价黑龙江省胡桃楸（Juglans mandshurica）种源试验林植株生长和果核性状指标的差异，揭示群体变异水平，通过早期选择为该地区胡桃楸种质资源收集与保存、优良品种选育与利用提供理论支撑。【方法】以黑龙江省东部山区胡桃楸10 年生不同种源试验林为研究对象，对7个果核描述性表型性状和17个数量性状（6个生长性状、6个果实相关性状、5个果核相关性状）进行每木测量，以基础数据、变异系数、现实增益为评价指标，采用方差分析、主成分分析、布雷津多性状综合评定法，分析胡桃楸不同种源之间生长性状、种实相关性状变异规律，筛选优良种源。【结果】胡桃楸果核描述性表型性状变异系数的变化范围为9.54%~59.23%，脊分布的变异系数（57.29%）和脊突出程度的变异系数（59.23%）最大，顶尖突出程度的变异系数（9.54%）最小，表型性状相对稳定。除分枝角外，其余数量性状在种源间差异极显著（P<0.01）。胡桃楸生长性状中材积的变异系数（45.36%）最大，其余相关指标的变异系数变化范围为11.08%~23.35%；果实性状中单鲜果质量的变异系数（17.46%）最大，其余相关指标的变异系数变化范围为6.75%~8.69%；果核性状中单核质量的变异系数（18.11%）最大，其余相关指标的变异系数变化范围为7.14%~9.97%。相关性分析显示，生长性状的胸径与株高、地径均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），单鲜果质量与果实三径（纵径、横径、侧径）、单核质量与果核三径（纵径、横径、侧径）均存在极显著正相关性（P<0.01）。以主成分分析法提取到4个主成分，累积贡献率达到95.779%。【结论】黑龙江省东部山区不同种源胡桃楸的生长性状和种实相关性状在种源间存在丰富变异，初步筛选出虎林（HL）种源为果材兼用型优良种源，各性状现实增益均高于遗传增益，其株高、冠幅、地径、胸径和材积的现实增益分别为19.93%、16.63%、0.18%、12.23%、45.34%；分枝角比种源群体平均值低0.66%；果实三径现实增益分别为3.23%、5.21%、3.10%；果核三径现实增益分别为3.36%、5.33%、3.55%；单鲜果质量、单核质量分别比种源群体平均值高8.94%、12.23%；鲜果含水率、果形指数及核形指数分别比种源群体平均值低0.29%、2.13%、1.94%。

【Objective】This study aims to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the differences in plant growth and kernel traits in provenance test forest of Juglans mandshurica in Heilongjiang Province，and reveal the level of population variation. Provide theoretical support for the collection and preservation，breeding and utilization by early provenance selection.【Method】Taking a 10-years-old J. mandshurica experimental forest from eastern mountainous areas in Heilongjiang Province as the research object，seven descriptive phenotypic traits，six growth traits，six fruit related traits and five nut related traits were measured for each tree. Utilizing the basic data，coefficient of variation and reality gain as evaluation indexes，analysis of variance，principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of Brezin multiple traits were used to analyze the variation of growth traits and related traits of seed among different provenances of J. mandshurica，and select excellent provenances.【Result】The variation coefficient of descriptive phenotypic traits ranged from 9.54% to 59.23%，the variation coefficient of ridge distribution（57.29%）and ridge protrusion（59.23%）were the largest，and the variation coefficient of top prominence（9.54%）was the smallest，the phenotypic traits were relatively stable. Except for the branching angle，the other quantitative traits were significantly different among provenances（P<0.01）. Among the growth traits，the variation coefficient of volume（45.36%）was the largest，and other related indicators ranged from 11.08% to 23.35%. Among the fruit traits，the coefficient of variation of single fruit mass（17.46%）was the largest，and other related indexes ranged from 6.75% to 8.69%. The variation coefficient of single nut mass（18.11%）was the largest，and other related indexes ranged from 7.14% to 9.97%. Correlation analysis showed that DBH of growth traits was positively correlated with tree height and basal diameter（P<0.01），single fruit mass was positively correlated with three paths of fruit，and single nut mass was positively correlated with three paths of nut（P<0.01）. Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis，and the cumulative contribution rate reached 95.779%.【Conclusion】The growth traits and related traits of J. mandshurica seeds have rich variations within different provenances in eastern mountainous areas of Heilongjiang Province. By using the comprehensive evaluation method of multiple traits，Hulin provenance（HL）was selected as excellent provenance. The reality gain of tree height，crown width，basal diameter，DBH and volume were 19.93%，16.63%，0.18%，12.23% and 45.34%，respectively. The branch angle was 0.66% lower than the mean of provenance population. The reality gain of three paths of fruit were 3.23%，5.21% and 3.10%，respectively. The reality gain of three paths of nut were 3.36%，5.33% and 3.55%，respectively. The single fruit mass and single nut mass were 8.94% and 12.23% higher than the average of provenance population，respectively. Moisture content of fruit，fruit shape index（FSI）and nut shape index（NSI）were 0.29%，2.13% and 1.94% lower than the average of provenance population，respectively.