间伐强度对长白山红松天然次生林林分结构的影响

姜雨希, 王守涛, 申方圆, 张鹏, 谷加存, 刘仁东, 宋依霖, 杨立学

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2) : 167-178.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(2834 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2) : 167-178. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202501033
研究论文

间伐强度对长白山红松天然次生林林分结构的影响

作者信息 +

Effects of thinning intensity on stand structure of Pinus koraiensis natural secondary forest in Changbai Mountain region

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文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】从林分结构的角度探究适宜长白山红松(Pinus koraiensis)阔叶林经营管理的间伐强度,旨在为次生林林分资源质量和生态功能的恢复提供科学依据。【方法】以长白山地区红松阔叶林为研究对象,2014年对其进行不同强度的上层疏伐作业(对照、弱度间伐、中度间伐、强度间伐),基于2022年每木检尺数据,分析林分垂直结构和空间结构沿间伐梯度的变化规律,结合单位圆和平方均值指数法(FSS)对各间伐处理的林分空间结构进行综合评价,探讨不同经营强度对林分结构的优化程度。【结果】①间伐有利于促进中林层林木的生长,弱度间伐和中度间伐下中林层直径分布曲线峰值向右偏移,林木胸径分别较对照增加16.02%、20.94%。各间伐强度均有利于中林层红松蓄积量的积累。②零元分布结果表明,随着间伐强度的增大,林分密集度逐渐下降,混交度先升高,在中度间伐后开始下降。③多元分布结果表明,与对照相比,弱度间伐林内周围林木稀疏且随机分布4种不同树种的林木比例提高25.44%;中度间伐侧重改变林木水平分布格局以及大小分化程度,亚优势木比例提升30.60%;强度间伐主要影响密集度,处于非常稀疏状态的林木比例从8.17%增加到40.11%。④林分空间综合评价结果表明,间伐均改善了空间结构的某一方面,仅有弱度间伐空间结构整体得到提升。【结论】弱度间伐改善了长白山林区红松阔叶林林木间的空间格局,提高了林层间的复杂性,促进了中小径级木的生长,增加了顶级树种红松的竞争优势,更有利于红松天然次生林的正向演替。

Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to determine the appropriate thinning intensity for Pinus koraiensis broadleaved forests in the Changbai Mountain region from a stand structural perspective, providing scientific support for improving the quality and ecological functions of natural secondary Pinus koraiensis forest resources in this region.【Method】P. koraiensis broadleaved forests in the Changbai Mountain region were selected as the study subject. In 2014, different thinning intensities were applied (control (no thinning), light, moderate, and heavy thinning). Using tally data from 2022, we analyzed the changes in the vertical and spatial structure of the forest stands along the thinning gradient. A comprehensive evaluation of the spatial structure for each thinning treatment was conducted using the unit circle and squared mean distance index (FSS), and the optimization degree of different management intensity on stand structure was discussed.【Result】(1) Thinning promoted the growth of trees in the middle canopy layer. Under light and moderate thinning, the peak of the diameter distribution curve shifted rightward, and the tree diameter increased by 16.02% and 20.94% respectively compared with the control. All thinning intensities facilitated the accumulation of P. koraiensis volume in the middle forest layer. (2) The zero-order distribution results indicated that stand crowding gradually decreased with increasing thinning intensity, while mingling initially, increased and then began to decline under moderate thinning. (3) The multivariate distribution results showed that, relative to the control, light thinning increased the proportion of sparsely and randomly distributed individuals among the four major tree species by 25.44%. Moderate thinning mainly altered the horizontal distribution patterns and size differentiation, resulting in a 30.60% increase in the proportion of subdominant trees. Heavy thinning primarily affected crowding, increasing the proportion of individuals in a very sparse state from 8.17% to 40.11%. (4) Comprehensive forest spatial structure evaluation revealed that thinning improved certain structural attributes; however, only light thinning enhanced overall spatial structural quality.【Conclusion】Light thinning most effectively optimized stand spatial patterns in natural secondary Pinus koraiensis broadleaved forests, enhanced canopy stratification complexity, and facilitated the growth of small- and medium-sized trees. It also strengthened the competitive dominance of P. koraiensis, thereby accelerating positive forest succession.

关键词

抚育间伐 / 红松阔叶林 / 空间结构 / 林层 / 综合评价 / 群落演替 / 长白山

Key words

thinning / Pinus koraiensis broadleaved forests / spatial structure / forest layer / comprehensive evaluation / community succession / Changbai Mountain region

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姜雨希, 王守涛, 申方圆, 等. 间伐强度对长白山红松天然次生林林分结构的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2026, 50(2): 167-178 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202501033
JIANG Yuxi, WANG Shoutao, SHEN Fangyuan, et al. Effects of thinning intensity on stand structure of Pinus koraiensis natural secondary forest in Changbai Mountain region[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(2): 167-178 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202501033
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基金

国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2200402)
中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(黑[2024]TG02号)

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