新疆吐哈地区道路和风电场与鸟类多样性及分布的关系

彭于杨; 徐基良; 刘正霄; 胡骞; 李新宇; 李建强

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202502028

彭于杨, 徐基良, 刘正霄, 胡骞, 李新宇, 李建强

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4) : 189-196.

PDF(2046 KB)

国家林草科技领军期刊
中国精品科技期刊
中国高校百佳科技期刊
江苏省新闻出版政府奖期刊奖
RCCSE林学权威期刊（A+）
CSCD核心期刊
Scopus数据库收录期刊
中文核心期刊
SCD核心期刊

作者加群：102861116

微信公众号：南京林业大学学报

高级检索

PDF(2046 KB)

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4) : 189-196. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202502028

第二十八届中国科协年会———全球气候变化下的林草智能设计育种专题（执行主编　曹福亮　范国强　尹佟明　张怀清）
专题报道Ⅲ：生态环境对动物与鸟类的影响（执行主编薛建辉毛岭峰）

新疆吐哈地区道路和风电场与鸟类多样性及分布的关系

作者信息 +

Impacts of road and wind farms on bird diversity and spatial distribution in the Turpan-Hami region, Xinjiang, China

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】新疆吐哈地区作为西北地区重要的可再生能源基地,尚缺乏关于道路和风电场对鸟类多样性及分布影响的本地化研究数据。通过调查吐哈地区的鸟类多样性,评估道路和风电场建设与鸟类多样性和分布的空间耦合关系,为区域能源开发与生态保护协同提供科学依据。【方法】于2023—2024年在新疆吐哈地区进行了6次鸟类多样性调查,在样区内采用样线法记录鸟类分布位点数据。通过计算其Shannon-Wiener指数、功能丰富度指数等多样性指标,分析风电场和道路密度与鸟类多样性的关系。同时,采用配对t检验、卡方检验、Spearman相关性检验、线性模型和Logistic回归模型等方法,评估不同类群(生态类群、食性、巢类型、居留型)鸟类对道路和风电场干扰的响应差异。【结果】调查的65个样区内,共记录鸟类分布位点数据591条,鸟类数量2 916只,包括16目35科82属126种。风电场样区的Shannon-Wiener指数显著低于无风电场样区;功能丰富度和均匀度指数极显著、显著低于无风电场样区;功能离散度指数则显著高于无风电场样区,但在Rao’s二次熵指数中不存在显著差异。风电场样区与非风电场样区不同食性、居留型鸟类分布频次存在显著和极显著差异。Spearman相关性分析结果表明,道路密度与Shannon-Wiener指数、功能均匀度指数和Rao’s二次熵指数存在显著以上负相关,和功能离散度指数存在极显著正相关;风电场密度与Shannon-Wiener指数、功能丰富度指数和Rao’s二次熵指数存在显著以上负相关。线性模型分析结果显示,功能离散度指数随道路密度增加而增加,Rao’s二次熵指数随风电场密度增加而降低。不同鸟类类群对道路和风电场干扰的响应存在显著差异。距离风电场50与1 000 m梯度下鸟类物种数与鸟类分布数量均不存在显著差异。【结论】道路与风电场的建设对新疆吐哈地区鸟类多样性水平与分布可能存在一定的负面影响,并在不同类群间存在显著差异,建议加大调查强度,以更全面地评估道路和风电场等人造设施对生物多样性的潜在影响。

Abstract

【Objective】As a crucial renewable energy base in northwestern China, the Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang currently lacks localized research data of the impacts of roads and wind farms on avian diversity and distribution. This study aims to investigate avian diversity in the Turpan-Hami region, evaluate the spatial coupling relationships between the construction of roads and wind farms and avian diversity and distribution, and provide a scientific basis for coordinating regional energy development and ecological conservation.【Method】From 2023 to 2024, six avian diversity surveys were conducted in the Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang. Bird distribution data were recorded using the line transect method within sample plots. Diversity indices, including the Shannon-Wiener index and functional richness index, were calculated to analyze the relationships between wind farm and road density and avian diversity. Additionally, paired t-tests, Chi-square tests, Spearman’s correlation analysis, linear models, and logistic regression models were employed to assess response differences among bird groups categorized by ecological guild, diet, nest type, and residency status to disturbances from roads and wind farms.【Result】Across the 65 sample plots surveyed, a total of 591 bird distribution records were obtained, comprising 2 916 individuals from 126 species, 82 genera, 35 families, and 16 orders. The Shannon-Wiener index in wind farm plots is significantly lower than that in non-wind-farm plots. Functional richness and evenness indices are highly significantly and significantly lower, respectively, in wind-farm plots, while functional divergence is significantly higher. However, no significant difference is observed in Rao’s quadratic entropy index between the two plot types. Significant and highly significant differences are found in the distribution frequencies of birds with different dietary preferences and residency status between wind farm and non-wind-farm plots. Spearman’s correlation results indicate that road density is significantly negatively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener index, functional evenness index, and Rao’s quadratic entropy index, and highly significantly positively correlated with functional divergence index. Wind farm density shows significant negative correlations with the Shannon-Wiener index, functional richness index, and Rao’s quadratic entropy index. Linear model results reveal that functional divergence index increases with road density, while Rao’s quadratic entropy index decreases with wind farm density. Significant differences are observed in the responses of different bird groups to road and wind farm disturbances. No significant differences are detected in either species richness or abundance of birds at distances of 50 and 1 000 m from wind farms.【Conclusion】The construction of roads and wind farms may exert certain negative impacts on avian diversity and distribution, with significant variations among different functional groups. Further research with intensified survey efforts is recommended to more comprehensively assess the potential effects of artificial infrastructures such as roads and wind farms on biodiversity, thereby providing a scientific foundation for harmonizing regional energy development and ecological conservation.

导出引用

彭于杨, 徐基良, 刘正霄, 等. 新疆吐哈地区道路和风电场与鸟类多样性及分布的关系[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2026, 50(4): 189-196 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202502028

Peng Yuyang, Xu Jiliang, Liu Zhengxiao, et al. Impacts of road and wind farms on bird diversity and spatial distribution in the Turpan-Hami region, Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(4): 189-196 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202502028

中图分类号： Q958;S718

参考文献

列表( 原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序 ) 可视化分析

[1]	Farfán M A, Vargas J M, Duarte J, et al. What is the impact of wind farms on birds? a case study in southern Spain[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009, 18(14):3743-3758.DOI: 10.1007/s10531-009-9677-4. 本文引用 [1]

[2]	Clements G R, Lynam A J, Gaveau D, et al. Where and how are roads endangering mammals in southeast Asia’s forests?[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(12):e115376.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115376. 本文引用 [1]

[3]	Luo K, Wu Z L, Bai H T, et al. Bird diversity and waterbird habitat preferences in relation to wetland restoration at Dianchi Lake,southwest China[J]. Avian Research, 2019, 10(1):21.DOI: 10.1186/s40657-019-0162-9. 本文引用 [1]

[4]	Alamgir M, Campbell M J, Sloan S, et al. High-risk infrastructure projects pose imminent threats to forests in Indonesian Borneo[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9:140.DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36594-8. 本文引用 [1]

[5]	Wightman P H, Martin J A, Kohl M T, et al. Effects of human and nonhuman predation risk on antipredator movement behaviors of an upland game bird[J]. Ecosphere, 2023, 14(6):e4581.DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4581. 本文引用 [1]

[6]	Jamin A, Peintinger M, Gimmi U, et al. Evidence for a possible extinction debt in Swiss wetland specialist plants[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 10(3):1264-1277.DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5980. 本文引用 [1]

[7]	Luther D A, Cooper W J, Wolfe J D, et al. Tropical forest fragmentation and isolation:is community decay a random process?[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2020, 23:e01168.DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01168. 本文引用 [1]

[8]	Fernández-Bellon D, Wilson M W, Irwin S, et al. Effects of development of wind energy and associated changes in land use on bird densities in upland areas[J]. Conservation Biology, 2019, 33(2):413-422.DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13239. 本文引用 [2]

[9]

于赐刚, 郭晓平, 马月, 等. 浙江松阳县鸟类群落结构和多样性分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(5):231-236.

C G

, Guo

X P

, Ma

, et al. Analyses on bird community structure and diversity in Songyang County,Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2023, 47(5):231-236.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204014.

本文引用 [1]

[10]	Loss S R, Dorning M A, Diffendorfer J E. Biases in the literature on direct wildlife mortality from energy development[J]. Bio Science, 2019, 69(5):348-359.DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz026. 本文引用 [1]

[11]	Wilson M W, Fernández-Bellon D, Irwin S, et al. Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus population trends in relation to wind farms[J]. Bird Study, 2017, 64(1):20-29.DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2016.1262815. 本文引用 [1]

[12]	Jones N F, Pejchar L, Kiesecker J M. The energy footprint:how oil,natural gas,and wind energy affect land for biodiversity and the flow of ecosystem services[J]. BioScience, 2015, 65(3):290-301.DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu224. 本文引用 [1]

[13]	Shaffer J A, Buhl D A. Effects of wind-energy facilities on breeding grassland bird distributions[J]. Conservation Biology, 2016, 30(1):59-71.DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12569. 本文引用 [1]

[14]	Cabrera-Cruz S A, Villegas-Patraca R. Response of migrating raptors to an increasing number of wind farms[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 53(6):1667-1675.DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12673. 本文引用 [1]

[15]	Benítez-López A, Alkemade R, Schipper A M, et al. The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations[J]. Science, 2017, 356(6334):180-183.DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj1891. 本文引用 [1]

[16]	Jin F J, Chen Z. Evolution of transportation in China since reform and opening up:patterns and principles[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(10):1731-1757.DOI: 10.1007/s11442-019-1688-9. 本文引用 [1]

[17]	Fan X C, Wang W Q. Spatial patterns and influencing factors of China’s wind turbine manufacturing industry:a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 54:482-496.DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.020. 本文引用 [1]

[18]	Zhang Q L, Yan M, Zhang L, et al. Three decades of oasis transition and its driving factors in Turpan-Hami basin in Xinjiang,China:a complex network approach[J]. Remote Sensing, 2024, 16(3):465.DOI: 10.3390/rs16030465. 本文引用 [1]

[19]	沈小军, 周冲成, 吕洪. 大型风电场风电机组分组方法研究综述[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(5):1-10. Shen X J, Zhou C C, Lü H. Review on grouping method of large wind farm wind turbine generators[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2016, 11(5):1-10.DOI:10.11985/2016.05.001 本文引用 [1]

[20]	Wilman H, Belmaker J, Simpson J, et al. EltonTraits 1.0:species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals[J]. Ecology, 2014, 95(7):2027.DOI: 10.1890/13-1917.1. 本文引用 [1]

[21]	Tobias J A, Sheard C, Pigot A L, et al., AVONET:morphological,ecological and geographical data for all birds[J]. Ecology Letters, 2022, 25(3):581-597.DOI: 10.1111/ele.13898. 本文引用 [1]

[22]	王彦平, 宋云枫, 钟雨茜, 等. 中国鸟类的生活史和生态学特征数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9):1149-1153. Wang Y P, Song Y F, Zhong Y X, et al. A dataset on the life-history and ecological traits of Chinese birds[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2021, 29(9):1149-1153.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021201. 本文引用 [1]

[23]	Palomino D, Carrascal L M. Threshold distances to nearby cities and roads influence the bird community of a mosaic landscape[J]. Biological Conservation, 2007, 140(1/2):100-109.DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.029. 本文引用 [1]

[24]	Cooke S C, Balmford A, Donald P F, et al. Roads as a contributor to landscape-scale variation in bird communities[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11:3125.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16899-x. 本文引用 [1]

[25]	Gutzwiller K J, Barrow W C Jr. Influences of roads and development on bird communities in protected Chihuahuan Desert landscapes[J]. Biological Conservation, 2003, 113(2):225-237.DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00361-0. 本文引用 [1]

[26]	Gómez-Catasús J, Garza V, Traba J. Wind farms affect the occurrence,abundance and population trends of small passerine birds:the case of the Dupont’s lark[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 55(4):2033-2042.DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13107. 本文引用 [2]

[27]	约翰·马敬能. 中国鸟类野外手册[M].李一凡,译. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2022. Mackinnon J. Guide to the birds of China[M].Li Y F, translate. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2022. 本文引用 [1]

[28]	郑光美. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M]. 第4版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2023. Zheng G M. A checklist on the classification and distribution of the birds of China[M]. 4th ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2023. 本文引用 [1]

[29]	Villéger S, Mason N W H, Mouillot D. New multidimensional functional diversity indices for a multifaceted framework in functional ecology[J]. Ecology, 2008, 89(8):2290-2301.DOI: 10.1890/07-1206.1. 本文引用 [1]

[30]	Fan J, Wang X D, Wu W, et al. Function of restored wetlands for waterbird conservation in the Yellow Sea coast[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 756:144061.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144061. 本文引用 [1]

[31]	Mason N W H, Mouillot D, Lee W G, et al. Functional richness,functional evenness and functional divergence:the primary components of functional diversity[J]. Oikos, 2005, 111(1):112-118.DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x. 本文引用 [1]

[32]	Wu X L, Zhang L X, Zhao C F, et al. Satellite-based assessment of local environment change by wind farms in China[J]. Earth and Space Science, 2019, 6(6):947-958.DOI: 10.1029/2019EA000628. 本文引用 [1]

[33]	Li D, Li B, Hou X Y, et al. Habitat suitability assessment for saunders’s gull (Saundersilarus saundersi) in the Yellow River Delta,China[J]. Ecological Informatics, 2024, 79:102393.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102393. 本文引用 [1]

[34]	Zhao S S, Xu H, Song N N, et al. Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 10(17):9567-9580.DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6701. 本文引用 [1]

[35]	Mdluli M V, Bhembe Z D, Brown L, et al. The loss of vegetation cover has distinct but short-term impact on multiple vertebrate taxa in a grassland ecosystem[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2022, 38:e02198.DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02198. 本文引用 [1]

[36]	Kroeger S B, Hanslin H M, Lennartsson T, et al. Impacts of roads on bird species richness:a meta-analysis considering road types,habitats and feeding guilds[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 812:151478.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151478. 本文引用 [2]

[37]	Marques A T, Batalha H, Bernardino J. Bird displacement by wind turbines:assessing current knowledge and recommendations for future studies[J]. Birds, 2021, 2(4):460-475.DOI: 10.3390/birds2040034. 本文引用 [1]

[38]	T Findlay C S, Bourdages J. Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on adjacent lands[J]. Conservation Biology, 2000, 14(1):86-94.DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99086.x. 本文引用 [1]

[39]	Veon J T, Mcclung M R. Disturbance of wintering waterbirds by simulated road traffic noise in Arkansas wetlands[J]. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 2023, 87(4):e22387.DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22387. 本文引用 [1]

[40]	Sriyaraj K, Shutes R B E. An assessment of the impact of motorway runoff on a pond,wetland and stream[J]. Environment International, 2001, 26(5/6):433-439.DOI: 10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00024-1. 本文引用 [1]

[41]	Coppes J, Kämmerle J L, Grünschachner-Berger V, et al. Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe[J]. Biological Conservation, 2020, 244:108529.DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108529. 本文引用 [1]

[42]	Devereux C L, Denny M J H, Whittingham M J. Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 45(6):1689-1694.DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01560.x. 本文引用 [1]

[43]	Pearce-Higgins J W, Stephen L, Langston R H W, et al. The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 46(6):1323-1331.DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01715.x. 本文引用 [2]

[44]	Larsen J K, Guillemette M. Effects of wind turbines on flight behaviour of wintering common eiders:implications for habitat use and collision risk[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 44(3):516-522.DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01303.x. 本文引用 [1]

[45]

李婷, 张东向, 张德胜, 等. 2001—2022年扎龙湿地植被覆盖时空演变特征[J]. 森林工程, 2024, 40(4):79-87.

, Zhang

D X

, Zhang

D S

, et al. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vegetation cover in Zhalong Wetland from 2001 to 2022[J]. Forest Engineering, 2024, 40(4):79-87. DOI:10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2024.04.009.

本文引用 [1]

[46]

姜琳琳, 张怡, 杨羽佳, 等. 苏州湿地鸟类多样性热点时空分布变化及其影响因素研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(3):386-397.

Jiang

L L

, Zhang

, Yang

Y J

, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of bird diversity hotspots in suzhou wetland[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(3):386-397.DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1004.

本文引用 [1]

[47]	Benítez-López A, Alkemade R, Verweij P A. The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations:a meta-analysis[J]. Biological Conservation, 2010, 143(6):1307-1316.DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.009. 本文引用 [1]