【目的】揭示枣种质资源叶片表型多样性,为优良种质的引种、鉴定评价及开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】测定247份枣种质的13个叶片表型性状,利用描述性统计、相关性分析、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、主成分分析(PCA)及基于Ward’s方法的系统聚类分析,探究枣叶片表型变异规律。【结果】供试枣种质叶片表型性状变异丰富,其中叶柄长变异系数最高。各性状Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')介于1.67~2.08,表明遗传多样性丰富;相关性分析显示,叶长与叶宽、叶柄长、叶面积、叶周长呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与叶尖角呈显著负相关(P<0.05);PCA提取出4个主成分累积贡献率83.19%,其中叶周长、叶色饱和度(c^*)、叶长宽比和叶色亮度(L^*)载荷较高;聚类分析(Ward’s法)将种质划分为长柄大夹角型、大叶面积型、短柄小叶型、小叶角偏黄色型(低L^*、高b^*)、低色相角型(低h^*)、宽叶深绿型(高c^*、低h^*)6大类群。【结论】247份枣种质叶片表型变异丰富,遗传多样性高。叶长宽比、叶周长、叶色饱和度和亮度可作为评价枣种质资源的核心指标,综合多样性分析与聚类结果可为种质评价提供重要依据。本研究为枣种质资源的引种驯化、遗传鉴定评价和种质创新奠定了理论基础。

【Objective】This study aims to reveal the phenotypic diversity of leaf traits in jujube germplasm resources, providing a theoretical basis for the introduction, evaluation and utilization of superior germplasm.【Method】Thirteen leaf phenotypic traits were measured in 247 jujube germplasm accessions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), principal component analysis (PCA), and Ward’s method-based hierarchical clustering analysis was employed to investigate the variation patterns of leaf phenotypes.【Result】The leaf phenotypic traits of the tested jujube germplasm exhibited substantial variation, with petiole length showing the highest coefficient of variation. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.67 to 2.08, indicating rich genetic diversity. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf length was significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01) with leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, and leaf perimeter, while it was significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with leaf angle. PCA extracted four principal components, with a cumulative comtribution rate of 83.19%, among which leaf perimeter, chroma (c^*), leaf length-to-width ratio, and lightness (L^*). Cluster analysis (Ward’s method) classified the germplasm into six major groups: long-petiole large-angle type, large-leaf-area type, short-petiole small-leaf type, small-leaf yellowish type (low L^*, high b^*), low-hue-angle type (low h^*), and broad-leaf dark-green type (high c^*, low h^*).【Conclusion】The 247 jujube germplasm accessions exhibited extensive phenotypic variation and high genetic diversity. The leaf length-to-width ratio, leaf perimeter, chroma, and lightness can serve as core indicators for evaluating jujube germplasm resources. The integrated diversity analysis and clustering results provide critical insights for germplasm assessment. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for the introduction, domestication, genetic ideutification and evaluation, and innovation of jujube germplasm.