【目的】针对当前国家公园边界划定中自然景观研究相对薄弱的问题,本研究旨在构建一种以自然景观评价为主,实现多价值融合分析的国家公园边界划定方法,从而使高价值自然景观获得有效保护与合理利用。【方法】以黄山(牯牛降)国家公园为案例,基于对研究区域自然景观的研究,构建黄山(牯牛降)国家公园自然景观评价指标体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)对自然景观价值开展定性和定量评估,借助GIS空间叠加分析方法,输入权重值,识别高价值自然景观区域,并依据评估结果科学划定国家公园边界。 【结果】黄山(牯牛降)国家公园生态系统原真性价值排序为森林生态系统>湿地生态系统>草地生态系统;自然景观独特性价值排序为峰林怪石>古树名木 = 地质遗迹>泉潭溪瀑。在空间分布上,这些高价值区集中于国家公园高海拔区域,呈现出东部较多、西部较少,中部区域近乎无分布的态势。鉴于高海拔区域受人类活动干扰相对较少,本研究划定的边界从空间层面明确了区域生态系统原真性的框架。此外,评价体系中所纳入的峰林怪石、泉潭溪瀑、古树名木、地质遗迹等要素,指向该区域的自然景观独特性。研究发现,这些具有高美学价值的资源与上述高生态价值区域存在显著的空间重叠。 【结论】以自然景观评价为切入点,为黄山(牯牛降)国家公园边界制定了一套基于多价值融合分析的划定方案。该方案在理论层面高度符合国家公园建设过程中对生态系统原真性与自然景观独特性的双重核心要求,在研究方法上运用定性化、定量化与空间化的现代研究模式,实现了科学性与系统性的融合,为同类研究提供了可参考的方法框架;在实践应用方面,为国家公园边界划定提供了明确的科学依据,对优化管理策略、提高管理效率有较强的现实指导意义。

【Objective】Due to less research on natural landscapes in the current delineation of national park boundaries, this study aims to construct a method for delineating national park boundaries that focuses on natural landscape assessment while integrating multi-value analysis. 【Method】Taking the Huangshan (Guniujiang) National Park as a case study, a natural landscape evaluation index system was developed based on research into the natural landscapes of the study area. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to conduct qualitative and quantitative assessments of natural landscape values. Using the overlay analysis method within GIS spatial analysis, weight values were input to identify areas of high-value natural landscapes. Based on the assessment results, the national park boundaries were scientifically delineated to ensure the effective protection and rational utilization of these high-value natural landscapes. 【Result】The authenticity value of the ecosystems in the Huangshan (Guniujiang) National Park ranked as follows: forest ecosystem > wetland ecosystem > grassland ecosystem. The uniqueness value of the natural landscapes ranked as: peak forests and grotesque rocks > ancient and famous trees = geological relics > springs, pools, streams, and waterfalls. Spatially, these high values are concentrated in high-altitude areas, showing a distribution pattern of more in the east, less in the west, and nearly none in the central region. Given that high-altitude areas are relatively less disturbed by human activities, the boundaries delineated in this study clarify the framework of regional ecosystem authenticity from a spatial perspective. Furthermore, elements incorporated into the evaluation system—such as peak forests and grotesque rocks, springs, pools, streams, and waterfalls, ancient and famous trees, and geological relics—highlight the uniqueness of the region’s natural landscapes. The study found a significant spatial overlap between these high aesthetic value resources and the aforementioned high ecological value areas. 【Conclusion】Using natural landscape assessment as an entry point, this study provides a delineation scheme for the boundaries of Huangshan (Guniujiang) National Park based on multi-value integration analysis. Theoretically, this scheme aligns closely with the dual core requirements of ecosystem authenticity and natural landscape uniqueness in national park construction. Methodologically, it employs a modern research model integrating qualitative, quantitative, and spatial approaches, achieving a synthesis of scientific rigor and systematism, and offering a referable methodological framework for similar studies. Practically, it provides a clear scientific basis for national park boundary delineation, offering strong practical guidance for optimizing management strategies and improving management efficiency.