随着碳达峰、碳中和战略的推进,森林碳汇功能正在由传统生态服务上升为国家气候治理的核心支柱,然而,适应应对气候变化需求的森林适应性经营体系尚未有效构建。本研究针对森林碳汇管理中普遍存在的认知偏差与实践困境,提出碳汇的“整体性、饱和性、波动性、持续性”核心特征框架,系统揭示制约森林碳汇功能有效发挥的关键生态约束机制。其中,“整体性”阐释森林碳汇对生态系统完整性的深度依赖关系;“饱和性”表征生物与非生物碳库的物理容量极限特征;“波动性”凸显多重因子扰动下碳汇稳定性的高度敏感性风险特征;“持续性”界定碳封存时效覆盖至碳中和目标年份的关键时效边界。在此基础上,构建基于碳汇特征的适应性森林经营策略体系,涵盖生态系统完整性保护与林分结构优化、碳汇容量提升与阈值响应调控、碳汇风险防控与系统韧性增强、长效固碳与全周期经营保障等。研究指出,亟待突破碳汇特征约束下的精准调控技术,以持续提升森林碳汇在碳中和进程中的稳定性与有效贡献。

Motivated by the strategic goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the carbon sink function of forest ecosystems has been transitioned from a conventional ecological service to a cornerstone of national climate governance. However, an adaptive forest management system capable of effectively addressing climate change challenge remains under developed. To tackle widespread cognitive misconceptions and practical challenges in forest carbon sink management, this study introduces a framework defining four core characteristics of forest carbon sinks: integrity, saturation, fluctuation and persistence. This framework clarifies the key ecological mechanisms that constrain forest carbon sink functionality. Specifically, integrity reveals the profound reliance of forest carbon sinks on ecosystem integrity; saturation characterizes the physical capacity limits of both biotic and abiotic carbon pools; fluctuation highlights the high sensitivity and risks of carbon sink stability under various disturbances; and persistence defines the critical time scale for which carbon sequestration must be maintained to align with carbon neutrality targets. Based on this framework, the study constructs a comprehensive adaptive forest management strategy system. Key strategies include: (1) conserving ecosystem the integrity and optimizing stand structures; (2) enhancing carbon sink capacity and threshold-based response regulation; (3) preventing carbon sink risks and strengthening system resilience; (4) safeguarding the long-term carbon sequestration through the full-cycle management. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to develop precision regulation technologies that address these inherent carbon sink constraints. Such a technological advances are essential for enhancing the stability and effectiveness of forest carbon sinks in supporting the carbon neutrality process.