通过调查上海市7个行政区11个典型垃圾填埋场的植物群落,分析其种类组成、区系特征、群落类型等指标,总结了垃圾填埋场的植被特征。结果表明:共记录有种子植物77科165属189种,含种数较多的科依次是菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科和豆科,其他含较多种的科为锦葵科、唇形科和藜科,且单种科比例较高; 植物区系以北温带分布比例最高,其次为泛热带分布和东亚分布; 植物种类以自然侵入的草本植物为主,木本植物多为人工栽植,偶见构树、朴树、桑树、苦楝等演替先锋种; 群落类型可划分为常绿针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林等5种,群落结构一般缺少灌木层,乔木树种个体径级呈不连续分布。据此,应根据不同垃圾填埋场的植被现状以及周边环境,建设具有乡土特色的植物景观以及城市 “森林岛”景观。
Abstract
Based on the data from plant communities’ investigation of 11 landfills at 7 districts of Shanghai city, the characteristic of vegetation in solid waste landfill was summarised, such as species composition, type of distribution area, community type and so on. The results showed that 189 seed plant species belonging to 165 genera and 77 families, which were mainly the herb plants, was recorded in 11 landfills. And the family with more than ten species was successively Compositae, Gramineae, Rosaceae and Leguminosae, and there were also many species from the family of Malvaceae, Labiatae and Chenopodiaceae, the family with one specie and native species had the highest ratio in landfills. The main components of the flora in landfills was successively the north temperate zone, pantropic and east asia. The main communities were herbaceous plant communities in early period of solid waste landfills. And the wood plants were mainly consist of artificial plantation species, and some pioneer species, such as Broussonetia papyrifera, Celtis sinensis, Morus alba, Melia azedarach. The main community types in landfill were evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, and the main community types were lack of shrub layer in common, the natural invasion wood plants had discontinuous distribution pattern. According to the vegetation characteristic and surrounding environment of different landfills,we suggested that landfill resources could be used for native plant landscape and urban “forest island” construction.
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基金
收稿日期:2012-02-28 修回日期:2012-09-13
基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划(2008BAJ10B04; 2008BAJ10B06); 上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科2007第10-8号); 上海市绿化和市容管理局项目(F120209)
第一作者:郑思俊,工程师。*通信作者:张庆费,教授。E-mail: qfzhang@126.com。
引文格式:郑思俊,王肖刚,张庆费,等. 上海市垃圾填埋场植被特征分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(1):142-146.
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