以云南膏桐主要种植区临沧市双江县为例,分析膏桐能源林营建对县域及不同海拔段景观格局的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区以农地、暖温性针叶林和半湿润常绿阔叶林景观为优势景观类型,包括15类植被景观和3类非植被景观。(2)各海拔段优势景观有所不同,其中2 500 m以上段优势景观类型为中山湿性常绿阔叶林景观; 余下段农田景观均为优势景观之一,其他优势景观类型随海拔呈规律性变化。(3)不同海拔景观水平上的景观格局呈规律性变化,随海拔升高斑块面积、斑块数、景观形状指数、面积加权平均形状指数、面积加权平均分维数、景观多度等呈“∩”形变化; 景观多度密度指数呈“∪”形变化; 而斑块密度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数则随海拔升高呈逐渐降低的趋势; 蔓延度和聚合度指数则呈逐渐升高的趋势。(4)受膏桐林营建影响,热性灌丛景观优势度增大,分布更加集中连片,形状更加规则; 较高海拔地段的景观类型和3类非植被景观不受膏桐林营建的影响,其他景观类型则是优势度降低,斑块更为破碎。(5)膏桐能源林营建仅影响海拔1 000 m以下、1 000～1 500 m和1 500～2 000 m段,不会造成景观要素类型的增加或减少,但使得景观变得更加破碎,斑块形状更加规则; 其中1 000 m以下段受到的影响强度最大,营建膏桐林使得热性灌丛景观成为该段优势景观。
Abstract
Taken Shuangjiang county as an example, the impacts of Jatropha curcas energy forest on landscape pattern in different altitudes were analyzed. The results showed that:(1)Dominant landscape types were farmland, warm temperate coniferous forest and semi humid evergreen broad leaved forest, including 15 types of vegetation landscapes and 3 types of non-vegetation landscapes in the study area.(2)The dominant landscape types were different at each altitude. At altitude above 2 500 m, there was mainly mountainous humid evergreen broad-leaved forest.(3)At landscape construction level, the landscape pattern displayed a regular change along with change of altitudes. With the altitude increasing,the change curves of total area(TA), number of patches(NP), landscape shape index(LSI), area weighted average shape index(SHAPE_AM), area weighted average fractal dimension(FRAC_AM), landscape richness(PR)were “∩”shape, but landscape richness density index(PRD)was a “∪”shape change. And patch density(PD), Shannon diversity index(SHDI)and Shannon evenness index(SHEI)decreased gradually with elevation increase. But contagion index(CONTAG)and aggregation index(AI)increased.(4)Because of the afforestation, dominant position of hot shrub landscape raised, and it become more concentrated, and the shape of it was more regular. The landscape types located in the higher altitude and the non vegetation landscape were not influenced by afforestation. But for the other landscape types, the dominance position reduced, and the patch was more fragmented.(5)J. curcas energy forest only affected landscape pattern at the altitude below 2 000 m, but didn’t cause the change of the landscape types, which made the landscape been more fragment, and landscape shape been more regular. Landscape at the altitude below 1 000 m was significantly affected, at where hot shrub landscape became dominant,and landscape at altitude of 1 000-1 500 m was less influenced than that at altitude below 1 000 m,landscape at altitude of 1 500-2 000 m was least affected.
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基金
收稿日期:2012-06-12 修回日期:2012-10-18
基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD32B02); 云南省高校干热河谷植被恢复创新团队项目(20118)
第一作者:欧光龙,博士生。*通信作者:胥辉,教授。E-mail: zyxy213@126.com。
引文格式:欧光龙,王俊峰,胥辉,等. 膏桐能源林营建对云南省双江县景观格局影响分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(2):159-163.
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