Abstract: In order to analyze the soil ecological adaptability of poplar in volcanic hilly land in north Jingsu,the experimental sites were set up in poplar plantation with different age in Xuyi volcanic hilly land. The results showed that the contents of soil total K and available K, as well as soil total Ca, Fe, Mg maintained at the normal levels, but soil total N, P contents were obviously lower than the normal levels comparing with other forest soils. Soil available P continually declined as the poplar plantation age increasing in contrast to the soil microbial biomass; the individual survival rate of the poplar plantation were more than 85%, but the growth speed of which was generally slower comparing with other poplar plantations. Our findings indicated that poplar plantation had a good ecological adaptability to soil conditions in volcanic hilly land in the north of Jiangsu province, but its growth potential was still limited by the deficiency of N, P in the soil.