采用光学显微镜对经过搓丝工艺处理的棉秆皮部、木质部纤维束的形态特征进行观测分析,并对其力学性能采用纤维拉伸仪进行测定。研究结果表明：棉秆皮部纤维束长度为2512 mm，宽度为2019 μm，长宽比为15878，横截面面积均值为42 11969 μm2；棉秆木质部纤维束长度为1357 mm，宽度为25336 μm，长宽比为7688，横截面面积为69 24916 μm2。棉秆木质部纤维束的长度和长宽比均小于皮部，而宽度和横截面面积大于皮部。棉秆皮部纤维束抗拉强度为6073 MPa，弹性模量为217 GPa，断裂伸长率为43；棉秆木质部纤维束拉伸强度为4258 MPa，弹性模量为133 GPa，断裂伸长率为311，皮部纤维束的拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率均大于木质部，柔韧性较好。棉秆皮部及木质部纤维束的力学性能低于其他植物，棉秆皮部纤维束的力学性能远低于皮部纤维细胞的力学性能。
Abstract
The morphological structure, dimensions and mechanical properties of fiber bundle in cotton stalk epidermis and xylem were investigated using optical microscope and fiber tensile strength tester after they were disposed by rub silk process. The length, width, the radio and the crosssectional areain cotton stalk epidermis were 2512 mm, 2019 μm, 15878, and 42 11969 μm2, respectively. The length, the width, the radio, and the crosssectional areain cotton stalk xylem were 1357 mm, 25336 μm, 7688, and 69 24616 μm2, respectively. The length and radio of the fiber bundle in cotton stalk epidermis were lower than that in the xylem. The width and rosssectional area in cotton stalk epidermis were higher than the area in the xylem. The tensile stress, elastic modulus and elongation of fiber bundle in epidermis were 6073 MPa, 217 GPa, and 43, and those in the xylem were 4258 MPa, 133 GPa, and 311, respectively. Fiber bundle in epidermis has a better flexibility because the tensile stress, elastic modulus and elongation in cotton stalk epidermis were higher than those in the xylem. The mechanical property of cotton stalk was poorer, compared with other plant fibers. The mechanical property of fiber bundle in epidemic was lower than single cotton stalk fiber. The results provided the essential data for cotton stalk fiber used in plant fiber composites as the reinforced materials.
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基金
收稿日期：2012-03-21修回日期：2013-06-18
基金项目：农业科技成果转化资金项目（2009GB24320468）；科技部科研院所技术开发专项资金项目（2008EG135287）
第一作者：蔺焘，博士生。
*通信作者：王正，研究员，博士。
Email： wangz@caf.ac.cn。
引文格式：蔺焘，郭文静，高黎，等. 搓丝处理后棉秆纤维束的形态特征及力学性能[J]. 南京林业大学学报：自然科学版，2013，37（5）：108-112.
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