以9个薄壳山核桃优良品种为试材,采用数码照相、液体培养基法、联苯胺-过氧化氢测试等技术手段,分析不同薄壳山核 桃品种的雌雄花特征,并测定了花粉活力和柱头可授性。结果表明:雄花在第Ⅴ阶段,即苞片与花轴间夹角为90°且花药变黄时 为花粉采集的最佳时机,其中‘波尼’平均花粉活力最强; ‘马汉’等品种柱头可授性从V字期起至倒八字初期(柱头开裂角度 >90°)逐渐增强,最强可授性可持续2～3 d; ‘波尼’等品种柱头开裂角度较小,初开期即具可授性并逐渐增强至V字期(柱头 开裂角度15°～90°),最强可授性可持续2～3 d; 各品种柱头出现黑点时可授性丧失。该试验中,‘波尼’的散粉期与‘马汉’的 可授期重叠时间最长,是较好的授粉配置品种。
Abstract
During classified flowering period of nine excellent pecan(Carya illinoinensis)cultivars, flower morphological characteristics, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were measured by taking digital photos, in vitro germination method and benzidine-H2O2testing. The results showed that optimal period for pollens collection was “stage Ⅴ” when the angle between bracts and catkin rachises were about 90° and anthers turned yellow. Among the tested cultivars, ‘Pawnee’ had the highest pollen viability. For the pollen collection, some cultivars like ‘Mahan’ was collected more easily when the open angles of stigmas from 90° turned to more than 90°, other cultivars like “Pawnee” had receptivity from the beginning when stigmas started open and got better when open angles got bigger from 15° to 90°, which were relatively smaller than the fomer. The optimal receptivity time for all cultivars were only lasted 2-3 days. Receptivity would lost when black spots appeared on the stigmas. Pollen spreading time of ‘Pawnee’ overlaid with best stigma receptivity time of ‘Mahan’, and the pollination time of ‘Pawnee’ and ‘Mahan’ was longer than others, so they were suggested to be optimal pollination cultivars.
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基金
收稿日期:2013-01-24 修回日期:2014-01-27
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201304711); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
第一作者:张瑞,博士生。*通信作者:彭方仁,教授。E-mail: frpeng@njfu.edu.cn。
引文格式:张瑞,李晖,彭方仁,等. 薄壳山核桃开花特征与可授性研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(3):50-54.
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