为研究额尔古纳国家级自然保护区主要森林植被地形梯度时空演变分异特征,以RS和GIS为研究手段,辅助林相图、森林二类调查数据和野外调查数据,完成额尔古纳国家级自然保护区1992—2012年间Landsat TM遥感影像解译和植被制图,对基于DEM所构建的地形位指数进行叠加分析,在地形坡位指数分析基础上,研究主要森林植被的地形梯度空间分异特征。结果表明:针叶林、针阔混交林和阔叶林等森林植被在整个土地利用格局中占据主体地位,分别处于演替阶段的后期、中期和前期,控制着区域森林群落的发生、发展及生态过程; 针叶林面积增加和针阔混交林面积减少明显,针阔混交林针叶林为森林类型转换的主要轨迹,且转换强烈。地形位梯度分析表明,地形位空间分布中低、中段区域是针叶林优势分布区,针阔混交林和阔叶林都集中于地形位指数为1～5的区域; 针阔混交林和阔叶林的地形梯度分布指数曲线变异程度要比针叶林显著,白桦林的地形梯度分布指数曲线变化明显,总体上呈递减趋势。
Abstract
The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics for main forest vegetation in terrain gradient was studied by using RS and GIS based on forest auxiliary graph, forest resource management inventory data, field investigation data. Two-temporal-satellite-images based on the ERDAS IMAGE 9.3 and ArcGIS 9.3,and vegetation mapping with the supplementary of forest distribution map of Argun National Natural Reserve from the year of 1992 to 2012 were interpreted. According to the analysis of TPI(topographic position index), the spatial distribution characteristics of main forest vegetation in terrain gradient were analyzed to explore the relationship between natural environment and human activities. The results showed that: coniferous, mixed broadleaf-conifer, broad-leaved forest and other forest vegetation occupied the dominate position of the land use pattern in whole study region, they located the early, medium and latter succession periods, respectively, and controlled process for the happens, development and ecological process of mountainous forest eco-system. The increasing areas of coniferous and decreasing areas of mixed broadleaf-conifer were very obvious, the transform from broadleaf-conifer to coniferous forest was the major conversation trace and very intensive of whole forest types. Additionally, the analysis results of terrain gradient showed: during the spatial distribution in area with terrain niche, the low and medium section zone was the dominate for coniferous forest, both mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and broadleaf forest mainly occupied the low section zone with terrain niche index from 1 to 5, the various extent of distribution index curve for coniferous, mixed broadleaf-conifer on terrain gradient was more distinct than that of coniferous, the distribution index for Betula platyphylla in two periods was very similar, the curve changed very obviously in terrain gradient and taken on the decreasing trend in whole level.
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基金
收稿日期:2013-11-26 修回日期:2014-04-14
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA102001); 额尔古纳国家级自然保护区科研项目(20122300010987); 黑龙江省教育厅科研项目(12531513)
第一作者:龚文峰,副教授,博士。*通信作者:范文义,教授。E-mail: gwf101@163.com。
引文格式:龚文峰,孙海,智长贵,等. 额尔古纳国家级自然保护区主要森林植被地形梯度特征定量分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版
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