生物覆盖是改善土壤性质和提高作物产量的一种重要土壤管理措施。笔者以东台林场银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)用材林地为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了覆盖材料(小麦秸秆、稻草秸秆和玉米秸秆)和覆盖量(2、4和6 kg/m2玉米秸秆)对表层土壤(0～10 cm)中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:3种生物覆盖材料均不同程度地提高了土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,以玉米秸秆和稻草秸秆覆盖效果较好。玉米秸秆覆盖量也显著影响了4种土壤酶的活性,总体来说覆盖量越大酶活性越强。土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性与一年中的气候变化有关,随着土壤温度的升高而提高,7月份酶活性均达到最高,而土壤过氧化氢酶与其他3种酶相比,受温度的影响相对较小,10月份酶活性最大。因此,生物覆盖显著增加了银杏用材林土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性,可用于提高银杏用材林地土壤的熟化程度和肥力水平。
Abstract
Biological mulching is an important soil management measurement for improving soil properties and crop yield, and it is widely used in forestry. In this paper, a randomized block design was used, the effect of mulching materials(wheat straw, rice straw and corn straw)and mulching amount(2, 4, 6 kg/m2)on enzyme activity of surface soil(0-10 cm)in ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba L.)timber plantation were studied. We found that urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and catalase activities were increased in a different degree under three mulching materials, and the mulching effect of corn straw and rice straw were better. Mulching amount of corn straw had a significant effect on the activity of four soil enzymes, and the activities of four enzymes had an enhancing tendency with the increasing of mulching amount. The activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase were identical with variation of temperature in a year, and they reached the highest activity in July. But catalase owned the highest activity in October, indicating that temperature has more effect on the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase than that of catalase. Overall, biological muching increased the activity of soil enzymes in ginkgo timber plantation, and improved soil fertility.
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基金
收稿日期:2014-07-24 修回日期:2014-12-30
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004001); “十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD21B04); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
第一作者:徐宏强,高级工程师。*通信作者:汪贵斌,教授。E-mail:gbwang@njfu.com.cn。
引文格式:徐宏强,汪贵斌,曹福亮,等. 生物覆盖对银杏用材林土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(2):21-26.
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