为了解油茶花粉直感效应对油茶种实特征的影响,以油茶主栽品种‘长林3号'和‘长林4号'为母本,‘长林166号'、‘长林53号'和‘长林18号'为父本进行人工授粉,对不同授粉处理的当代杂交种实特征以及油脂脂肪酸组分进行评价。结果表明:‘长林3号'和‘长林4号'两个母本品种在果实果形指数、鲜出籽率、单籽粒质量、种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分特征方面差异显著; 花粉直感效应对座果率、果质量、鲜出籽率、单籽粒质量和含油率影响显著,而果形指数和种子油脂主要脂肪酸组分则没有表现出明显的花粉直感效应; 果实性状座果率、果质量和鲜出籽率的相对花粉直感效应值(RX值)分别在-10.00%～81.14%、-46.15%～38.60%和-8.31%～19.29%之间变化,种子性状单籽粒质量和含油率的RX值分别在-24.63%～22.69%和0.30%～11.17%间变化,说明通过杂交授粉能提高种子含油率。可见,花粉直感效应对油茶果质量、单籽粒质量、鲜出籽率的影响并不都是向着优于亲本的方向转化,其效果受亲本因素的影响较大; 杂交座果率是油茶品种配置栽培中首先需要考虑的问题,该研究中‘长林3号'的适宜配置授粉品种为‘长林53号'和‘长林18号',‘长林4号'的适宜配置授粉品种为‘长林53号'和‘长林166号'。
Abstract
In order to clarify the effect of xenia on fruit and seed characteristics of Camellia oleifera, the main improved oil-tea camellia varieties including ‘Changlin 3', ‘Changlin 4', ‘Changlin 166', ‘Changlin 53' and ‘Changlin 18' were selected to do crossing by artificial pollination, and the fruit as well as seed characteristics including fatty acids composition were evaluated in this paper. The results showed that the fruit shape index, seed ratio, seed weight, oil content and fatty acid composition were significantly different between the female parents ‘Changlin 3' and ‘Changlin 4', and the fruit set, fruit weight, seed ratio, seed weight and oil content in kernel were significantly affected by xenia. However, no significant effect of xenia on fruit shape index and main fatty acid composition of camellia oil was found in female parents ‘Changlin 3' and ‘Changlin 4'. The relative xenia effect(RX)value of fruit set ratio, fruit weight and seed ratio in six hybridized conbination varied from -10.00% to 81.14%, -46.15% to 38.60% and -8.31% to 19.29%, respectively and the RX value of seed weight and oil content in kernel in six hybridized conbination varied from -24.63% to 22.69% and 0.30% to 11.17%, respectively. The oil content in kernel was increased by cross pollination and always showed the positive xenia effect. Overall, it has both the positive and negative xenia effect on fruit weight, seed weight as well as seed ratio, and the effect of xenia were dependent on parent. The fruit set ratio of cross fertilization should be given the priority during cultivation process. The appropriate pollination varieties for ‘Changlin 3' were ‘Changlin 53' as well as ‘Changlin 18', and the appropriate pollination varieties for ‘Changlin 4' were ‘Changlin 53' as well as ‘Changlin 166'.
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基金
收稿日期:2015-08-04 修回日期:2015-10-10
基金项目:浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项项目(2012C12908-16); 浙江省重点科技创新团队项目(2011R50030)
第一作者:曹永庆(caoyq1981@163.com),助理研究员,博士。*通信作者:姚小华(yaoxh168@163.com),研究员。
引文格式:曹永庆,姚小华, 滕建华,等. 花粉直感效应对油茶种实特征的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):55-60.
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