近自然化改造对桂南马尾松和杉木人工林结构特征的影响

刘志龙; 明安刚; 贾宏炎; 蔡道雄; 马跃; 王亚南; 孙冬婧

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201606040

刘志龙,明安刚,贾宏炎,蔡道雄,马跃,王亚南,孙冬婧

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04) : 101-107.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04) : 101-107. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201606040

研究论文

近自然化改造对桂南马尾松和杉木人工林结构特征的影响

刘志龙^1,2,明安刚¹,贾宏炎^1*,蔡道雄¹,马跃¹,王亚南¹,孙冬婧¹

作者信息 +

Effects of close-to-nature transformation on structure characteristics of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations

LIU Zhilong^1,2, MING Angang¹, JIA Hongyan^1*, CAI Daoxiong¹, MA Yue¹, WANG Yanan¹, SUN Dongjing¹

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摘要

【目的】为提升人工林质量及培育珍贵树种大径材,研究近自然化改造对林分结构变化的影响,通过近自然化改造改变林分组成和结构,进而调整林木生长和林分稳定性。【方法】以广西凭祥地区1993年造林并于2008年开始近自然化改造的马尾松和杉木人工林为研究对象,运用混交度、大小比数和角尺度参数分析近自然化改造后林分结构特征的变化。【结果】①对照林分的直径结构遵从正态分布,近自然化改造林分表现出向倒“J”形过渡的特征,对照林分的树高结构呈单峰型,而近自然化改造林分则呈双峰型; ②近自然化改造明显提高了林分混交度,马尾松和杉木对照林分的平均混交度由0.00和0.16分别提高到自然化改造林分的0.82和0.89; ③近自然化改造对林分角尺度影响较小,杉木林从均匀分布状态向团状分布转变,但马尾松林一直处于随机分布状态; ④近自然化改造增加了优势和亚优势的个体比例,对照林分总体处于中庸生长状态,马尾松和杉木近自然化改造林分的平均大小比数分别为0.40和0.46。【结论】从林分非空间结构角度看,近自然化改造林分提高了林分树种组成,径级结构向异龄林直径分布倒“J”形的特征过渡; 从林分空间结构角度看,近自然化改造林分逐步摆脱了人工纯林零度或弱度混交、水平分布均匀和中庸状态的结构特征。研究区补植树种和天然更新树种已成功地在林分中更新和生长,促进了林分混交度、树种多样性的提高和林分空间结构的优化,林分向异龄复层混交林方向发展。

Abstract

【Objective】The close-to-nature transformation changes the forest composition and stand structure and thus, affects the tree growth and stand stability. Therefore, a study on the effects of close-to-nature transformation on stand structure has important significance in improving the quality of degrading plantations and producing large-diameter timber. 【Method】This study focused on Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations, afforested in 1993 and close-to-nature transformated in 2008. Three parameters(mingling, uniform angle index, and neighborhood comparison)were considered to compare the changes in stand spatial structure before and after close-to-nature transformation. 【Results】① The diameter of control stands followed normal distribution, while the close-to-nature transformation stands showed the reversal “J” type. The tree height of control stands was a single peak type, whereas that of close-to-nature transformation plantations showed a double peak. ② The close-to-nature transformation improved stand mingling significantly, the average mingling increased from 0.00 and 0.16 to 0.82 and 0.89 in the P. massoniana and C. lanceolata control stands and their close-to-nature stands respectively. ③ Close-to-nature transformation has little effect on the uniform angle index, it changed from uniform distribution to reunion distribution in C. lanceolata stands; however, it has been in a random distribution state in P. massoniana stands. ④ The number of dominant and sub-dominant individuals were increased after close-to-nature transformation. The average neighborhood comparison of P. massoniana and C. lanceolata close-to-nature stands was 0.40 and 0.46 respectively, whereas there were generally medium individuals in the control stands. 【Conclusion】 In the perspective of non-spatial structure, close-to-nature transformation improves the composition of forest species, and the diameter of trees is transferred to an inverted “J” type as uneven aged forest. In terms of the stand spatial structure, the characteristic of artificial pure forests which were zero or less mixed with uniformly and evenly distributed tree species has been weakened by the transformation. In the close-to-nature forests, interplanted and natural regenerated species are growing well to increase the stand mingling, biodiversity, and optimize the forest spatial structure, where could become different-aged multilayer compound forests.

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刘志龙,明安刚,贾宏炎,蔡道雄,马跃,王亚南,孙冬婧. 近自然化改造对桂南马尾松和杉木人工林结构特征的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2017, 41(04): 101-107 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201606040

LIU Zhilong, MING Angang, JIA Hongyan, CAI Daoxiong, MA Yue, WANG Yanan, SUN Dongjing. Effects of close-to-nature transformation on structure characteristics of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2017, 41(04): 101-107 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201606040

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基金

收稿日期:2016-06-25 修回日期:2016-10-28
基金项目:中国林科院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2014QA033); 广西林业科技项目(桂林科字[2014]第41号); 广西自然科学基金项目(2014GXNSFBA118084)
第一作者:刘志龙(liuzhilong@caf.ac.cn)。*通信作者:贾宏炎(rlzxjhy@126.com),高级工程师。
引文格式:刘志龙,明安刚,贾宏炎,等. 近自然化改造对桂南马尾松和杉木人工林结构特征的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):101-107.