【目的】研究干旱条件下伐桩注水对毛竹光合蒸腾特性的影响及其与环境因子间的关系,为毛竹林节水灌溉提供理论参考。【方法】在试验毛竹林中选取10 m×20 m样地9块,设置3个伐桩注水处理CK(0个)、T1(12个)和T2(18个),测定各处理2年生立竹的光合蒸腾生理指标及各主要环境因子。【结果】①不同处理下毛竹净光合速率(Pn)与蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化趋势基本相同,均为单峰曲线,均无“光合午休”现象,净光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化均表现为T2>T1>CK。②各处理下毛竹水分利用效率(EWUE)均为双峰曲线,随着注水伐桩数量的增加而降低,全天基本表现为CK>T1>T2。③不同处理下对毛竹净光合速率起最大直接作用的环境因子不同,CK处理为空气相对湿度(φ),T1和T2处理为光合有效辐射(RPAR); 各处理下对毛竹蒸腾速率起最大直接作用的环境因子均为大气CO2浓度(Ca)。④各处理下毛竹净光合速率和蒸腾速率的主要决定变量均为RPAR; T1和T2处理下毛竹净光合速率、蒸腾速率的主要限制变量均分别为空气温度(ta)、φ,而CK处理分别为φ、Ca。【结论】注水伐桩数量与毛竹净光速率和蒸腾速率正相关,而与水分利用效率负相关。增加注水伐桩能够显著提高毛竹的光合蒸腾能力,增加毛竹光合产物的积累,并且可以改变环境因子对毛竹净光合速率与蒸腾速率的影响作用。
Abstract
【Objective】This study examined the effect of stump water storage on the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens(moso bamboo)under a simulated drought environment, and the relationships between net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and environmental factors. The objective of the study was to provide a theoretical reference for water-saving irrigation in moso bamboo forest. 【Method】The experiment included three different irrigation treatments:CK(0 stumps with water storage), T1(12 stumps with water storage)and T2(18 stumps with water storage), the physiological parameters of photosynthesis and transpiration of 2-year-old moso bamboo and the main environmental factors of stands were measured. 【Result】 ① The trends of net photosynthetic(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)of moso bamboo in the day were consistent. Both could be presented as unimodal curves and the “photosynthetic noon break” phenomenon could not be detected. The net photosynthetic and transpiration rates of moso bamboo increased with an increase in the number of water storage stumps. ② For the three treatments, the water-use efficiency(EWUE)of moso bamboo was shown as a bimodal curve. With an increase in the number of water storage stumps, there was a decrease in the water-use efficiency of moso bamboo. ③ Environmental factors played different roles in moso bamboo net photosynthetic rate with different treatments. For example, in CK, the most important direct environmental factor influencing net photosynthesis rate was air relative humidity(φ), whereas for T1 and T2, it was photosynthetically active radiation(RPAR). However, for transpiration rate, the environmental factor with the largest influence in all treatments was atmospheric CO2 concentration(Ca). ④ For all treatments, the variable having the largest influence on net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate was RPAR. For T1 and T2 treatments, the main variables limiting net photosynthetic and transpiration rates were air temperature(ta)and φ, whereas for the CK treatment, they were φ and Ca. 【Conclusion】The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of moso bamboo was positively correlated with the number of stumps with water storage, whereas the water-use efficiency of moso bamboo was negatively correlated with the number of stumps with water storage. An increase in the number of stumps with water storage significantly enhanced the photosynthetic and transpiration capacity of moso bamboo, and also enhanced the accumulation of photosynthetic products in moso bamboo. Moreover, the number of stumps with water storage modified the influence of environmental factors on the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of moso bamboo under different treatments.
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基金
收稿日期:2016-03-29 修回日期:2016-10-08
基金项目:浙江省林业科技推广项目(2015B05); 杭州市科技发展计划项目(20130432B75); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2016SY011)
第一作者:张磊(zhangleilx2010@163.com)。*通信作者:谢锦忠(jzhxie@163.net),副研究员,博士。
引文格式:张磊,谢锦忠,张玮,等. 模拟干旱环境下伐桩注水对毛竹光合蒸腾特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):47-54.
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