【目的】探究大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松林对降雨的截留再分配及树冠下穿透雨空间分布规律,了解兴安落叶松林生态水文过程。【方法】通过长期定位观测研究的方法,获取了2013年兴安落叶松林19场降雨事件的林外降雨、穿透雨和树干径流的观测数据,采用相关分析,总结了兴安落叶松林降雨再分配规律,比较了树冠下不同位置处穿透雨的变异性。【结果】观测期内兴安落叶松林的林冠截留量、穿透雨量和树干径流量依次为35.14、148.61和0.250 7 mm,分别占大气降雨量的19.10%、80.77%和0.14%; 不同降雨事件中,树冠不同位置处的穿透雨具有空间异质性; 当降雨量、温度等气象因子一致时,3/4树冠半径处的穿透雨变异最小,树冠外缘(4/4树冠半径处)变异最大; 当冠层结构稳定时,穿透雨的变异程度均随降雨量的增加而减小,二者呈一定的负相关性(P<0.01)。【结论】穿透雨是兴安落叶松林降雨再分配的主要水文分量(约占降雨量的81%),选择变异最小、最接近林分穿透雨率(误差约1%)的3/4树冠半径处布设穿透雨收集装置,能够适当减少野外工作量,提高科研观测效率,可为落叶松林区森林水文模型的参数化提供依据。
Abstract
【Objective】 This study was conducted to gain an understanding of the rainfall distribution, spatial variability of throughfall and eco-hydrological processes in Larix gmelinii forest.【Method】 Data for the gross rainfall, throughfall and stemflow corresponding to 19 rainfall events were measured in L. gmelinii forest during the period of a stable canopy(Jul.-Aug. 2013)by long-term locating observation. Throughfall measurments were obtained from 46 rain gauges. The redistribution of rainfall in L. gmelinii forest was summarized and the variability of throughfall under the tree canopy at different sites was compared using correlation analysis. 【Result】 The results indicated that the canopy interception, throughfall and stemflow were 35.14, 148.61 and 0.250 7 mm during the observation period, which accounted for 19.10%, 80.77% and 0.14% of the rainfall in an open field, respectively. The spatial variability of throughfall under the tree canopy was estimated for different rainfall events. It was found that a 3/4 canopy radius resulted in the lowest spatial variability of throughfall and a 4/4 canopy radius, i.e., canopy edge, contributed to the highest throughfall when the meteorological factors(such as rainfall amounts and temperature)were coherent. Given the stable canopy structure, the variance coefficient of throughfall decreases with increasing rainfall depth significantly(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Throughfall is the main hydrology component during redistribution of rainfall in L. gmelinii forest(about 81% of rainfall). The 3/4 radius under the tree’s canopy were choosed to layout throughfall collection devices to reduce the field work and to improve scientific research efficiently because of its minimum variation and closest to throughfall ratio(error of about 1%). This may provide the base for the quarlitative analysis of eco-hydrological model of L. gmelinii forest.
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 盛后财,蔡体久,俞正祥.大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林下穿透雨空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6266-6273.DOI: 10.5846 / stxb201412152499. SHENG H C,CAI T J,YU Z X. Characteristics of the spatial distribution of throughfall in a Larix gmelinii forest in the northern Greater Khingan Range,northeast China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(19):6266-6273.
[2] HUBER A, IROUME A. Variability of annual rainfall partitioning for different sites and forest covers in Chile[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2001,248:78-92.
[3] WEI X H, LIU S R, ZHOU G Y, et al. Hydrological processes in major types of Chinese forest [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2005, 19(1): 63-75. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.5777View.
[4] PILAR LLOERNS, FRANCISCO D. Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions: a review of studies in Europe[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2007,335:37-54. DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.032.
[5] 李振新,郑华,欧阳志云,等.岷江冷杉针叶林下穿透雨空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(5): 1015-1021. LI Z X, ZHENG H, OUYANG Z Y, et al. The spatial distribution characteristics of throughfall under Abies faxoniana forest in the Wolong Nature Reserve [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinca, 2004, 24(5):1015-1021.
[6] 时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山华山松(Pinus armandii)林降雨再分配及其空间变异特征[J].生态学报, 2009,29(1):76-85. SHI Z J, WANG Y H, XU L H, et al. Rainfall redistribution and its spatial variation in the stand of Pinus armandii in the Liupan Mountains, China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinca, 2009, 29(1):76-85.
[7] 曹云,黄志刚,郑华,等.杜仲林下穿透雨时间及空间分布特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008, 28(6):19-24. DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2008.06.020. CAO Y, HUANG Z G, ZHENG H, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of throughfall under Eucommia ulmoides forest [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2008, 28(6): 19-24.
[8] FAN J L, KASPER T, OESTERGAARD, A G, et al. Spatial variability of throughfall and stemflow in an exotic pine plantation of subtropical coastal Australia[J]. Hydrology Process, 2015, 29(5): 793-804. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10193.
[9] 吴旭东,周梅,张慧东.兴安落叶松林冠截留与降雨量及降雨强度的关系[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2006,27(4):83-86. WU X D, ZHOU M, ZHANG H D. The relationship between rainfall, rainfall intensity and interception by canopy of Larix gmelinii rupr forest in Daxinganling Mountains [J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2006, 27(4): 83-86.
[10] 盛后财,蔡体久,李奕,等.大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松林降雨截留再分配特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):101-105. DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2014.06.019 SHENG H C, CAI T J, LI Y, et al. Rainfall redistribution in Larix gmelinii forest on northern of Daxing’an Mountains, north-east China [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(6):101-105.
[11] 周梅.大兴安岭落叶松林生态系统水文过程与规律研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2003:69. ZHOU M. Research on the hydrological process and laws of Larix gmelinii ecosystem at the Greater Xingan Mountains [D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2003:69.
[12] 时忠杰,王彦辉,熊伟,等.单株华北落叶松树冠穿透降雨的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2006,26(9): 2877-2886. SHI Z J, WANG Y H, XIONG W, et al. The spatial heterogeneity of throughfall under the Larix principis-rupprechtii single tree’s canopy [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinca, 2006, 26(9): 2877-2886.
[13] GóMEZ J A, VANDERLINEN K, GIRáLDEZ J V, et al. Rainfall concentration under olive trees [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2002, 55(1): 53-70.
[14] STAELENS J, De SCHRIJVER A, VERHEYEN K, et al. Spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall deposition under beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)in relationship to canopy structure [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006, 142(2): 254-263. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.002.
[15] SATO A M, De SOUZA AVELAR A, NETTO A L C. Spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall in a Eucalyptus plantation in the hilly lowlands of southeastern Brazil [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2011, 25(12): 1910-1923. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7947.
[16] 韩诚,张金池,庄义琳,等.苏南丘陵区麻栎林冠层水文效应及其影响因素[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):93-98.DOI:10.3969 /j.issn.1000-2006.2014.02.018. HAN C, ZHANG J C, ZHUANG Y L, et al. A study on characteristics of rainfall redistribution in Quercus acutissima forest in the hilly areas of southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2014, 38(2):93-98.
[17] 刘蔚漪,范少辉,刘广路,等.闽北不同类型毛竹林冠层降水再分配特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):63-66.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2011.04.013. LIU W Y, FAN S H, LIU G L, et al. Characteristics of rainfall redistribution under the canopy of different types Phyllostachys edulis forests in northern Fujian Province [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2011, 35(4):63-66.
[18] 段旭,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.六盘山分水岭沟典型森林植被对大气降雨的再分配规律及其影响因子[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):120-125. DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2010.05.046. DUAN X, WANG Y H, YU P T, et al. Rainfall redistribution and its influencing factors of typical forest vegetation in the ditch watershed, Liupan Mountains [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(5): 120-125.
[19] 战伟庆,张志强,武军,等.华北油松人工林冠层穿透雨空间变异性研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(3): 26-30. ZHAN W Q, ZHANG Z Q, WU J, et al. Spatial variability of throughfall in forest canopy layer of Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis)plantation in northern China [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(3): 26-30.
基金
收稿日期:2016-01-18 修回日期:2016-11-01
基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DL12BA10); 东北林业大学学术名师支持计划(PFT-1213-21)
第一作者:石磊(shilei790104@163.com),高级工程师。*通信作者:盛后财(shenghoucai@163.com),讲师。
引文格式:石磊,盛后财,满秀玲,等. 兴安落叶松林降雨再分配及其穿透雨的空间异质性[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):90-96.
PDF(1657224 KB)
