【目的】评价城市公园对降低大气PM2.5质量浓度的作用,同时探讨环境因素对PM2.5质量浓度的影响。【方法】以北京市北小河公园为研究对象,通过PM2.5质量浓度监测仪测定公园绿地内、公园附近建筑室内及公园道路旁(开敞空间)的PM2.5质量浓度,对公园及其附近建筑室内与道路旁PM2.5浓度做差异对比分析,同时监测温湿度、风速及气压、车流量,以分析环境因素对PM2.5质量浓度的影响。【结果】①公园及其附近建筑室内与道路旁PM2.5浓度日变化趋势基本一致,呈现双峰单谷型,即早晚高、白天低。②无污染或轻度污染时,公园绿地PM2.5质量浓度均低于道路旁及附近建筑室内,PM2.5质量浓度分别降低了5.7%和6.9%,说明公园绿地对PM2.5有一定的滞留作用; 中度污染天气条件下,公园内PM2.5浓度同样低于道路旁与建筑室内,降幅分别为3.6%和7.3%,公园绿地对PM2.5仍有一定的滞留作用; 重度污染质量条件下,公园内PM2.5质量浓度略低于道路旁,降幅仅为0.3%,而比建筑室内升高了5.5%。③公园绿地PM2.5质量浓度与温度、风速呈负相关关系,与相对湿度、气压呈正相关关系; 道路旁PM2.5质量浓度与车流量呈正相关。【结论】在中度污染及以下环境空气质量条件下,公园绿地对PM2.5有一定的滞留作用,说明公园绿地对PM2.5滞留作用的发挥受一定的环境空气质量条件的制约。
Abstract
【Objective】 Evaluate the PM2.5 retention capacity of a public park and discuss the effects of environmental factors on PM2.5 concentrations in order to provide references for pollution control of PM2.5. 【Method】 PM2.5 concentrations within Beixiaohe Park in Beijing, indoor environment(the golf club)and along the roadside(open space)near the park were monitored to compare the differences in PM2.5 concentrations in different environments. 【Result】 ① Diurnal variation in characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in the three environments were the same. The results showed a curve with one “valley” between two “peaks”, indicating that PM2.5 concentrations were high in the morning and at night and low during the daytime. ② When the air was not, or only slightly polluted, PM2.5 concentration within the public park was lower than that indoors and along the roadside by 5.7% and 6.9%, respectively. This showed that the public park had a certain PM2.5 retention capacity. When the air was mid-level polluted, PM2.5 concentration within the public park decreased compared to that indoors and along the roadside by 3.6% and 7.3%, respectively, thus confirming the PM2.5 retention capacity of the public park. When the air was highly polluted, PM2.5 concentration within the public park was slightly lower than that along the roadside by 0.3%, and higher than that indoors by 5.5%. ③ PM2.5 concentration within the public park was negatively correlated with air temperature and wind speed, and positively correlated with air humidity and air pressure. Moreover, PM2.5 concentration along the roadside was positively correlated with vehicle flow rate. 【Conclusion】 When the air was not, or only slightly, or mid-level polluted, the public park had a certain PM2.5 retention capacity, which was influenced by the local climatic conditions.
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基金
收稿日期:2016-01-14 修回日期:2016-09-18
基金项目:国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(31540010)
第一作者:赵松婷(zhaosongting1986@163.com),工程师。*通信作者:李新宇(lxy09618@163.com),教授级高级工程师。
引文格式:赵松婷,李新宇,李延明,等. 公园绿地及周边环境PM2.5浓度特征及影响因素[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):187-192.
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