【目的】研究库坝建设对河流水质状况的影响,以及库坝建设后不同河段主要水质指标与河道两侧土地利用状况的相关关系。【方法】以河南省荥阳市淮河的4级支流索河为研究对象,对位于乡村、市区、郊区3个区位的由于库坝建设而形成的河流段与库区段的主要水质指标进行比较。【结果】各区位河流段与库区段比较,水体全磷(TP)浓度在河流段显著高于库区段,NH+4-N、化学需氧量(COD)浓度在河流段低于库区段,而全氮(TN)、NO-3-N浓度等水质指标受库坝建设的影响较小。相关性分析表明,在河流段和库区段,建设用地占比均与TN、TP、NO-3-N、COD浓度等水质指标呈正相关,而林地占比与TN、TP、NO-3-N、COD浓度等水质指标呈负相关。耕地占比与TN、TP、NO-3-N浓度等水质指标在河流段呈负相关,而在库区段则呈正相关。【结论】库坝建设使河流形成相对不连续的河流段与库区段,总体上可降低河流水体的TP含量,但NH+4-N、COD浓度等指标则有所上升; 在河流段与库区段,水体水质与河道周边土地利用状况的相关关系也存在一定差异,库区段水质状况更易受周边土地利用结构影响。
Abstract
【Objective】 Study the effects of dams on water quality, and the relationship between water quality and land use. 【Method】 The Suo River, one of the fourth tributaries of Huai River, was selected as the study area. Water quality data were obtained from rivers and reservoirs divided by three dams located in rural, urban and suburb. The difference of water quality between rivers and reservoirs in different regions was evaluated. 【Result】The comparison of water quality in rivers and reservoirs showed that the concentration of total phosphorus(TP)in rivers was higher than those in reservoirs, while the concentration of NH+4-N and the chemical oxygen demand(COD)in rivers was lower than in reservoirs. There is no significant difference of total nitrogen(TN)and NO-3-N between rivers and reservoirs. Redundancy analysis showed that the construction land area exhibited a positive correlation with the concentration of TN, TP, NO-3-N and COD, while forest area exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of TN, TP, NO-3-N and COD. Farmland area exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of TN, TP and NO-3-N in rivers, and was positively correlated with the concentration of TN, TP and NO-3-N in reservoirs.【Conclusion】Dam divided river into two parts: the river and the reservoir. After dam construction, the content of TP was reduced, but the content of NH+4-N and COD were increased. Land use had different relationships with water quality indexes between rivers and reservoirs, the water quality indexes in reservoirs were more affected by land use.
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基金
收稿日期:2017-06-20 修回日期:2018-02-23
基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07204004)
第一作者:牛宇琛(nycklkl@163.com)。*通信作者:刘茂松(msliu@nju.edu.cn),副教授。
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