‘霞早'绿竹花形态特征及花药发育的组织学观察

林树燕; 傅华君; 万雅雯; 张时兴; 朱如基; 王福升; 丁雨龙

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201711031

林树燕,傅华君,万雅雯,张时兴,朱如基,王福升,丁雨龙

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (02) : 7-13.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (02) : 7-13. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201711031

研究论文

‘霞早'绿竹花形态特征及花药发育的组织学观察

林树燕^1,2,傅华君^1,3,万雅雯^1,3,张时兴⁴,朱如基⁴,王福升^1,2,丁雨龙^1,2*

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Anther development and floral morphology characteristics of Bambusa oldhami ‘Xia Zao' ZSX

LIN Shuyan^1,2,FU Huajun^1,3, WAN Yawen^1,3, ZHANG Shixing⁴, ZHU Ruji⁴, WANG Fusheng^1,2, DING Yulong^1,2*

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摘要

【目的】研究‘霞早'绿竹(Bambusa oldhami ‘Xia Zao' ZSX)开花形态,分析其不结实的原因。【方法】以福建省霞浦县开花‘霞早'绿竹为材料,野外观察小花的开放动态,并以石蜡切片法研究花药的发育过程。【结果】‘霞早'绿竹由营养生长转为生殖生长时,开花植株新生叶片较小。开花‘霞早'绿竹竹秆及主次花枝各节上大都着生多枚簇生小穗。小穗上各小花的分化和发育是按基部到顶部的顺序依次进行的。‘霞早'绿竹每朵小花有6枚花药,每个花药有4个花粉囊。花药壁发育属于单子叶型,花药壁的4层结构在小孢子母细胞时期发育完全。从雄蕊原基开始形成到小孢子母细胞,未见结构和发育异常; 但从小孢子母细胞减数分裂到花粉粒成熟的各个发育阶段,小孢子结构及绒毡层出现发育异常。【结论】研究明确了‘霞早'绿竹小穗中各小花的发育进程是由下而上发育的,开花特性以及花粉发育异常是其不结实的主要原因之一。

Abstract

【Objective】 Bamboo is a plant with special flowering characteristics. Woody bamboos have a long vegetative growth cycle and its flowering period ranging from decades to more than hundreds of years. The flower morphology and development of microspore and male gametes of Bambusa oldhami ‘Xia Zao' ZSX were studied to elucidate the mechanism of pollen abortion with the help of combination of exterior morphology and interior cytological structure. 【Method】 The flowers of B. oldhami ‘Xia Zao' ZSX were collected from Xiapu County, Fujian Province. The flower morphology and anther development were studied by field observation and paraffin sectioning, respectively. 【Result】 Flowering bamboo plants grow new smaller leaves when compared with the vegetative plants. They may bear many clustered spikelets on each node of culms and branches. The differentiation of florets on the same spikelet occurs in sequence from the base to the top. Each flower has 6 anthers and each anther has 4 pollen sacs. The development type of anther wall is monocotyledonous type. The 4-layer anther walls are fully developed at the microspore mother cell stage. No structural and developmental abnormalities were observed during the process from the primordium to the microspore mother cell. However, after that, the microspore and tapetum showed abnormal structure. 【Conclusion】We found that the development of florets in the same spikelet follows a bottom-up process, and the reason for the absence of seeds in B. oldhami ‘Xia Zao' ZSX may be due to flowering characteristics and abnormal pollen development.

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林树燕,傅华君,万雅雯,张时兴,朱如基,王福升,丁雨龙. ‘霞早'绿竹花形态特征及花药发育的组织学观察[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2019, 43(02): 7-13 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201711031

LIN Shuyan,FU Huajun, WAN Yawen, ZHANG Shixing, ZHU Ruji, WANG Fusheng, DING Yulong. Anther development and floral morphology characteristics of Bambusa oldhami ‘Xia Zao' ZSX[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2019, 43(02): 7-13 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201711031

中图分类号： S718

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基金

收稿日期:2017-11-13 修回日期:2018-03-23
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31870595); 江苏省“三新”工程项目(LYSX[2016]04); 江苏省科技支撑计划(农业)重点项目(BE2016304); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。
第一作者:林树燕(lrx@njfu.com.cn),副教授,博士,ORCID(0000-0002-1078-6460)。*通信作者:丁雨龙(ylding@vip.163.com),教授,博士,ORCID(0000-0002-1078-6460)。