南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (03): 123-130.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201712015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国古典园林水声景的空间营造手法探析

谢 辉,程 语,葛煜喆,毛华松   

  1. 重庆大学建筑城规学院,山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆 400045
  • 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-15
  • 基金资助:
    收稿日期:2017-12-06 修回日期:2018-03-01
    基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51678089); 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(106112017CDJQJ198841); 住房城乡建设部科学技术计划与北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心开放课题(UDC2017031312)。
    第一作者:谢辉(xh@cqu.edu.cn),研究员,博士,ORCID(0000-0002-7296-3573)。

The spatial construction of water soundscape in Chinese classical gardens

XIE Hui, CHENG Yu, GE Yuzhe, MAO Huasong   

  1. Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing 400045, China
  • Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-15

摘要: 【目的】从声景角度为中国古典园林水景的研究提供新的视角,借助探讨水声景的空间营造手法,为园林声景理论与实践提供可借鉴的建议,为营造出更有特色的水声景点奠定良好基础。【方法】结合中国古典园林中的水声景实例探究水声景点的空间营造手法,以满足古典园林声景的3个基本要素为标准,筛选出34个水声景点,分析蕴含声景要素的空间营造要点。【结果】水声景点常借助地形高差、山石堆叠或者天然山泉产生声音,分为流水、跌水、泉水3种类型。声源分布类型包括点状、线状和面状分布。空间环境上,常采用植物、山石、墙体、水体等要素对水声景点进行不同程度的围合,包括整个声景点被围合、声源处被围合、接收点被围合等方式。接收点上,亭是被采用最多的建筑形式。【结论】中国古典园林水声景的营造手法主要以流水为乐声,借山石地势以围合空间,设亭以欣赏水声。

Abstract: 【Objective】This study detailed a new perspective for research on the water soundscape of waterscapes in Chinese classical gardens and provided applicable suggestions for the theory and practice of garden water soundscape to lay the foundations for the creation of more distinctive water soundscape attractions through discussions on the corresponding approaches to spatial construction. 【Method】Based on examples of water soundscape attractions in Chinese classical gardens, thirty-four water soundscape scenic spots that met the requirements of three basic soundscape elements were selected for the exploration of spatial construction essentials containing soundscape elements. 【Result】The water soundscape scenic spots often made good use of differences in terrain elevation, stone stacks, or natural springs to produce sounds. Three types of water sound sources could be observed, namely, flowing water, cascade, and spring. These sound sources were normally distributed in dotted, linear, and planar forms. Plants, rocks, walls and water were often used to enclose the water soundscape scenic spots to varying degrees in terms of wholly surrounded scenic spots, surrounded sound sources, and surrounded receiver points. Moreover, the pavilion was the most adopted architectural typology for the receiver points. 【Conclusion】The water soundscapes of Chinese classical gardens are mainly constructed by flowing water. Pavilions are configured to provide the enjoyment of the sound of water, using mountains and stones to enclose their spaces.

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