【目的】宏观了解新疆森林质量近年间的状态及变化情况。【方法】以2001年、2006年、2010年、2016年新疆森林资源连续清查数据为依据,采用主成分分析法提出森林质量评价指标,分析各年间新疆森林资源质量变化动态及影响因素。【结果】新疆各地州森林结构对森林质量的影响大于森林生产力的影响,而两者的影响远大于森林稳定性及森林生态影响力对森林质量的影响,其中,平均树高、平均胸径、郁闭度、龄组4个指标影响较显著。【结论】综合分析来看,2001—2016年新疆森林质量提升,但不同地区的森林质量仍存在显著差异,阿勒泰地区、伊犁州、博州、昌吉州、巴州以北地区质量较佳,其综合等级高且分布密集,其次为阿克苏地区、塔城地区及克州,新疆以南地区林地分布稀疏,森林质量相对较低。

【Objective】 This study aimed to understand the recent status and changes of forest quality in Xinjiang. 【Method】 First, data on approximately 40 000 plots of Xinjiang forest with continuous inventory in 2001, 2006, 2010 and 2016 were extracted, and principal component analysis was used to propose influencing factors, such as average tree height, average diameter at breast height, age group, tree species, canopy density, accessibility, naturalness, regeneration grade and health grade. The dynamics and influencing factors of forest resource qualities in each year were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the influence of forest structure on forest quality was greater than that of the forest productivity, and the influence of both were far greater than that of the forest stability and forest ecological influence on forest quality; the indexes of average tree height, average diameter, canopy density and age group were significantly affected. 【Conclusion】 This comprehensive analysis revealed improvement in forest quality over 2001-2016.However, some significant differences in forest quality remained in different regions. The areas of Aletai, Yili State of Xinjiang, Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bortala, Changji Prefecture, north of Bayinguoleng were high quality, and presented high levels of comprehensive and dense distribution, followed by Akesu, Tacheng and Kiz Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture. Forests in southern Xinjiang, which were sparsely distributed with relatively low forest quality.