南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 39-45.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201807064
张银荣1(), 兰再平1,*(), 秘洪雷2, 彭晶晶1, 马鑫1, 秦杏宇1
收稿日期:
2018-07-31
修回日期:
2019-03-23
出版日期:
2019-11-30
发布日期:
2019-11-30
通讯作者:
兰再平
基金资助:
ZHANG Yinrong1(), LAN Zaiping1,*(), BI Honglei2, PENG Jingjing1, MA Xin1, QIN Xingyu1
Received:
2018-07-31
Revised:
2019-03-23
Online:
2019-11-30
Published:
2019-11-30
Contact:
LAN Zaiping
摘要:
【目的】研究滴灌施肥条件下1年生‘龙脑香樟’幼苗的施肥效应,以获得最佳氮磷钾使用浓度和配比方案。【方法】在浙江余杭西北部的径山丘陵区,开展了不同N、P、K施肥配比试验,通过测定‘龙脑香樟’苗高、地径、生物量等生长指标和净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)等生理指标,比较滴灌施肥和常规施肥对‘龙脑香樟’生长的影响。【结果】①滴灌施肥显著增加了‘龙脑香樟’幼林苗高和地径年生长量、生物量,且均在N、P、K分别为26.0、2.6、16.9 g/株处理时达到最大值,分别比常规施肥增加了20.36%、55.15%、79.44%;②全年滴灌施肥和常规施肥苗高、地径生长一致,各处理苗高均在9月达到增长峰值,而地径则分别在6月、9月出现并达到增长峰值,苗高和地径全年生长差值最大均出现在8月和9月;③滴灌施肥显著提高了1年生‘龙脑香樟’的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)等生理指标,它们的变化趋势基本一致,即一定范围内随着施肥量增加而增加,过量施肥反而使其降低。相比常规施肥,滴灌施肥显著提高了1年生‘龙脑香樟’叶片的光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(AQY),降低了光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd),使得‘龙脑香樟’叶片光合时效延长,这有利于‘龙脑香樟’叶片光合产物的积累,促进‘龙脑香樟’的生长。【结论】滴灌栽培1年生‘龙脑香樟’幼林最佳N、P、K施肥配比为N肥26.0 g/株、P肥2.6 g/株、K肥16.9 g/株,由此制定出滴灌栽培1年生‘龙脑香樟’幼林的优化施肥制度。
中图分类号:
张银荣,兰再平,秘洪雷,等. 滴灌施肥条件下氮磷钾对‘龙脑香樟’幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43(6): 39-45.
ZHANG Yinrong, LAN Zaiping, BI Honglei, PENG Jingjing, MA Xin, QIN Xingyu. The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum ‘Longnao Xiangzhang’ steckling under different N, P and K level by drip fertilization[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 43(6): 39-45.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201807064.
表3
不同施肥处理‘龙脑香樟’生物量对比"
处理 treatment | 全株 individual | 叶 leaf | 枝 branch | 干 stem | 根 root |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 139.10±4.33 c | 77.47±1.54 c | 30.15±1.48 c | 8.78±1.87 bc | 22.70±4.81 ab |
T2 | 164.74±3.32 b | 92.41±4.38 b | 33.97±1.06 b | 10.47±1.17 ab | 27.90±1.52 a |
T3 | 188.47±6.18 a | 106.61±2.64 a | 38.72±1.06 a | 11.90±1.38 a | 31.22±7.38 a |
T4 | 187.52±8.03 a | 105.64±5.73 a | 39.64±1.73 a | 11.77±0.37 a | 30.47±3.70 a |
CK | 105.03±2.94 d | 58.93±1.37 d | 22.60±3.35 d | 6.67±1.43 c | 16.82±2.87 b |
表4
不同施肥处理对‘龙脑香樟’叶片光合特性影响的单因素分析"
处理 treatment | Pn/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Gs/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Ci/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) | Tr/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) | EWUE/ (μmol·mol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 12.79±0.16 d | 0.285±0.013 cd | 253.34±3.14 c | 5.26±0.18 c | 2.43±0.08 c |
T2 | 13.43±0.03 c | 0.346±0.050 bc | 264.24±3.24 b | 5.45±0.18 c | 2.47±0.09 bc |
T3 | 16.89±0.16 a | 0.441±0.080 a | 280.73±1.36 a | 6.47±0.15 a | 2.61±0.04 a |
T4 | 15.33±0.25 b | 0.404±0.078 ab | 276.33±4.24 a | 6.03±0.15 b | 2.55±0.07 ab |
CK | 11.33±0.22 e | 0.240±0.040 d | 250.27±1.59 c | 4.98±0.10 d | 2.27±0.05 d |
表5
不同施肥处理对‘龙脑香樟’光响应曲线特征参数的影响"
处理 treatment | Rd/ (μmol· m-2·s-1) | PLCP/ (μmol· m-2·s-1) | PLSP/ (μmol· m-2·s-1) | Pn,max/ (μmol· m-2·s-1) | ηAQY |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2.781 9 | 89 | 1 291 | 12.56 | 0.031 4 |
T2 | 2.738 4 | 84 | 1 340 | 13.74 | 0.032 6 |
T3 | 2.465 0 | 61 | 1 516 | 16.96 | 0.040 3 |
T4 | 2.323 7 | 61 | 1 494 | 15.33 | 0.038 1 |
CK | 3.134 0 | 102 | 1 157 | 11.59 | 0.030 7 |
[1] | 李刘泽木, 何洪城. 龙脑樟资源利用研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 湖南林业科技, 2017, 44(3):90-96. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5710.2017.03.016. |
LI L Z M, HE H C. Research status and development trend on utilization of Cinnamomum camphora resource [J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology, 2017, 44(3):90-96. | |
[2] | 中国科学院植物研究所. 中国高等植物图鉴(第1册)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987, 816. |
Institute of Plant Research. Chinese academy of sciences, iconographia cormophytorum sinicorum (The first book)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1987, 816. | |
[3] | 欧阳少林, 龙光远, 黄璐琦, 等. 天然冰片的新资源[J]. 江西林业科技, 2005, 33(5):38. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2505.2005.05.015. |
OUYANG S L, LONG G Y, HUANG L Q, et al. New resources of natural borneol[J]. Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2005, 33(5):38. | |
[4] | 刘冰. 自营龙脑樟原料林生产天然冰片的经济效益分析[J]. 江西林业科技, 2013(3):49-50,57. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2505.2013.03.015. |
LIU B. Economic benefit analysis of natural borneol from self-borneolCamphora raw materials forests [J]. Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2013(3):49-50,57. | |
[5] | 何洪城, 马芳, 殷菲. 龙脑樟扦插育苗技术研究[J]. 湖南林业科技, 2009, 36(2):7-9. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5710.2009.02.002. |
HE H C, MA F, YIN F. Study on cutting and seedling technology of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl [J]. Hunan Forestry Science & techonology, 2009, 36(2):7-9. | |
[6] | 郭照光, 孙秀泉, 周晓勤, 等. 龙脑樟树快繁育苗技术的研究与应用[J]. 湖南林业科技, 2003, 30(3):44-46.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5710.2003.03.011. |
GUO Z G, SUN X Q, ZHOU X Q, et al. Research and application of high speed breeding technology of Cirmamonun camphora (L) Presl [J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Techonology, 2003, 30(3):44-46. | |
[7] | 郭志文, 龙光远, 彭招兰, 等. 龙脑樟矮林基地施用复壮专用肥效益分析[J]. 江西林业科技, 2009, 37(6):9,11.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2505.2009.06.003. |
GUO Z W, LONG G Y, PENG Z L, et al. Efficiency analysis of rejuvenescent special fertilizer applied in coppice base of Cinnamomum camphora [J]. Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2009, 37(6):9,11. | |
[8] | 付宇新, 江香梅, 罗丽萍, 等. 不同化学类型樟树叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析[J]. 林业工程学报, 2016, 1(2):72-76.DOI: 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2016.02.013. |
FU Y X, JIANG X M, LUO L P, et al. A GC-MS analysis of volatile oil from different types of Cinnamomum camphora leaves [J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2016, 1(2):72-76. | |
[9] | 李国政. 龙脑樟叶挥发油化学成分研究[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2015, 11(18):17-18. DOI: 10.11954/ytctyy.201518009. |
LI G Z. Study on chemical constituents of volatile oil from Cinnamomum camphora leaf [J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2015, 11(18):17-18. | |
[10] | 黄慧莲, 林涛, 熊梅, 等. 龙脑樟枝叶中挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析[J]. 世界中医药, 2012, 7(5):453-455. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2012.05.036. |
HUANG H L, LIN T, XIONG M, et al. Study on the volatile oil of Cinnamomum camphora by GC-MS [J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2012, 7(5):453-455. | |
[11] | SHI S J, WU Q D, SU J Y, et al. Composition analysis of volatile oils from flowers, leaves and branches of Cinnamomum camphora Chvar. borneol in China[J]. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2013, 25(5):298-304. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.809323. |
[12] | 石书江. 龙脑樟成分分析、天然冰片提纯及烟酸龙脑酯合成研究[D]. 广州:广州中医药大学, 2013. |
SHI S J. Study on composition analysis of Cinnamomum camphora, separation of d-borneol and synthesis of borneol nicotinate [D]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou Chinese Medicine University, 2013. | |
[13] | LIU Z Z, DENG B Q, LI S L, et al. Optimization of solvent-free microwave assisted extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora leaves[J]. Industrial Crops & Products, 2018:353-362. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.016. |
[14] | CHEN S L, ZHENG T F, YE C L, et al. Algicidal properties of extracts from Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main compounds[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 163. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.115. |
[15] | 范晓丹, 丘泰球, 苏健裕. 龙脑制备方法及其药理药效研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2011, 31(5):122-126.DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e31820fa168. |
FAN X D, QIU T Q, SU J Y. Progress in preparation methods and pharmacological-pharmacodynamic effects of borneol[J]. Chemistry and Industty of Forest Products, 2011, 31(5):122-126. | |
[16] | DAMIAN BADILLO L M, MARTINEZ MU ZX R E, SALGADO GARCIGLIA R, et al. In vitro antioomycete activity of Artemisia ludoviciana extracts against Phytophthora spp.[J]. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinalesy Aromaticas, 2010, 9(2):136-142. |
[17] |
YANG H, XUN Y, LI Z, et al. Influence of borneol on in vitro corneal permeability and on in vivo and in vitro corneal toxicity[J]. Journal of International Medical Research, 2009, 37(3):791-802. DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700322.
doi: 10.1177/147323000903700322 |
[18] | 郭林, 李孙海. 滴灌在林业上应用的研究与进展[J]. 中国林业产业, 2016(8):40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4241.2003.04.008. |
GUO L, LI S H. A review of the research and development of the application of drip-irrigation in forestry[J]. World Forestry Research, 2016(8):40. | |
[19] |
SANJIT PRAMANIK, SONAMUNI LAI, RAY R, et al. Effect of drip fertigation on yield, water use efficiency, and nutrients availability in banana in west Bengal, India[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2016, 47(13-14):1691-1700.DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2016.1206560.
doi: 10.1080/00103624.2016.1206560 |
[20] |
HEARD J W, PORKER M J, ARMSTRONG D P, et al. The economics of subsurface drip irrigation on perennial pastures and fodder production in Australia[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2012, 111:68-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.05.005.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.05.005 |
[21] | 贺勇, 兰再平, 孙尚伟, 等. 滴灌施肥条件下107杨幼林N、P、K养分吸收量与施肥量研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2015, 28(3):426-430. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1498.2015.03.019. |
HE Y, LAN Z P, SUN S W, et al. Study on N, P, and K uptake and fertilization of young ‘107’ poplar clone with drip irrigation[J]. Forest Research, 2015, 28(3):426-430. | |
[22] | 贺勇, 兰再平, 孙尚伟, 等. 地面滴灌对107杨幼林生长和水肥利用的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43(11):37-41. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2015.11.008. |
HE Y, LAN Z P, SUN S W, et al. Effects of drip irrigation on the growth and use efficiency of water and fertilizer of young‘107’ poplar plantation[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2015, 43(11):37-41. | |
[23] | 贾黎明, 邢长山, 李景锐, 等. 地下滴灌条件下杨树速生丰产林生产力及效益分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(6):43-49. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2005.06.008. |
JIA L M, XING C S, LI J R, et al. Productivity and benefit analysis of fast-growing and high-yield plantations of poplar under subsurface drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(6):43-49. | |
[24] | 寇亮, 尹光天, 杨锦昌, 等. 不同滴灌处理对黄藤人工林生长的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2012,(4):100-104. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2012.04.021. |
KOU L, YIN G T, YANG J C, et al. Effects of different drip irrigation on growth of Daemonorops margaritae plantation [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2012,(4):100-104. | |
[25] | 张银荣, 兰再平, 彭晶晶, 等. 地面滴灌‘龙脑香樟’人工林的土壤水分运动规律[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 42(1):120-126. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201703062. |
ZHANG Y R, LAN Z P, PENG J J, et al. Soil water movement in Cinnamomum camphora plantation under drip irrigation [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2018, 42(1):120-126. | |
[26] | 甘青, 吴雪松, 周琴, 等. 不同施肥处理对银杏幼苗生长的影响[J]. 林业科技通讯, 2017(12):19-20.DOI: 10.13456/j.cnki.lykt.2016.12.006. |
GAN Q, WU X S, ZHOU Q, et al. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of Ginkgo biloba seedlings [J]. Practical Forestry Technology, 2017(12):19-20. | |
[27] | 兰志华. 不同氮肥水平对香樟幼苗生长的影响[J]. 防护林科技, 2015(7):25-26. DOI: 10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2015.07.009. |
LAN Z H. Effects of different nitrogen levels on growth of seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora [J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2015(7):25-26. | |
[28] | 陈周琴, 张露, 李燕山, 等. 龙脑樟叶片光合特性对氮磷钾肥的响应[J]. 江西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 37(3):490-496.DOI: 10.13836/j.jjau.2015076. |
CHEN Z Q, ZHANG L, LI Y S, et al. The response of photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of Cinnamomum camphora to different fertilization levels [J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis (Natural Sciences Edition), 2015, 37(3):490-496. | |
[29] | 舒翔, 范川, 李贤伟, 等. 施肥对香樟幼苗光合生理的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2013(2):157-162. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2650.2013.02.009. |
SHU X, FAN C, LI X W, et al. Effects of fertilization on photosynthetic physiology of camphora (Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl) seedlings [J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2013(2):157-162. | |
[30] | 刘宝全, 钟美玲, 李柏龙, 等. 龙脑樟枝叶的龙脑组成特点研究[J]. 大连民族大学学报, 2017, 19(1):28-31.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-315X.2017.01.007. |
LIU B Q, ZHONG M L, LI B L, et al. Study on the composition feature of the natural borneolum in the leaves and branches of Cinnamomum camphora [J]. Journal of Dalian Nationalities University, 2017, 19(1):28-31. | |
[31] | 王冉, 何茜, 丁晓纲, 等. N素指数施肥对沉香苗期光合生理特性的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2011, 33(6):58-64.DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.2011.06.026. |
WANG R, HE X, DING X G, et al. Effects of exponential fertilization on seedling growth and photosynjournal of Aquilarias spp .[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2011, 33(6):58-64. |
[1] | 王露露, 耿兴敏, 宦智群, 许世达, 赵晖. 1-MCP预处理对杜鹃花高温胁迫下光合特性及相关基因表达的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(4): 103-113. |
[2] | 刘雅楠, 刘洋, 兰再平, 铁牛, 张梦弢, 王成德, 罗奇辉, 张晨. 不同灌溉方式对樟子松生长、光合特性及土壤水分运移的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46(4): 135-143. |
[3] | 季艳红, 汤文华, 窦全琴, 谢寅峰. 施肥对薄壳山核桃容器苗生长及养分积累的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(6): 47-56. |
[4] | 万雅雯, 傅华君, 时培建, 林树燕. 变温对毛竹种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(4): 97-106. |
[5] | 石文广, 李靖, 张玉红, 雷静品, 罗志斌. 7种杨树铅抗性和积累能力的比较研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(3): 61-70. |
[6] | 王宁, 袁美丽. 入侵植物节节麦种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐碱胁迫的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 44(5): 167-173. |
[7] | 陈黎, 朱超, 朱庆祥, 王翠鸣, 鲍佳书, 莫辰, 施婷婷, 万志兵. NaN3处理对乌桕种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 44(4): 47-54. |
[8] | 李晓锐, 周樊, 冯刚, 郑小琴, 李永荣, 彭方仁. 砧木对薄壳山核桃嫁接苗光合及荧光特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 44(2): 84-90. |
[9] | 段娜, 汪季, 郝玉光, 高君亮, 陈晓娜, 多普增. 水分变化对荒漠植物白刺气体交换参数及形态特征的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43(6): 32-38. |
[10] | 徐清, 闭鸿雁, 崔光帅, 郭晓荣, 周睿, 苏文华, 欧阳志勤, 张光飞. 珍稀濒危植物毛果木莲幼苗光合特性及对遮阴处理的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43(6): 46-52. |
[11] | 张银荣,兰再平,彭晶晶,秘洪雷,马鑫,贺新,楼杰. 地面滴灌龙脑香樟人工林的土壤水分运动规律[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 42(01): 120-126. |
[12] | 华建峰,韩路弯,王芝权,施钦,殷云龙. 完全淹水解除后‘中山杉407’生长及光合特性的恢复[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(05): 191-196. |
[13] | 黄良帅,韩海荣,牛树奎,程小琴,周文嵩. 华北落叶松冠层光合生理特性的空间异质性[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(02): 193-197. |
[14] | 周昕,汪贵斌,刘琳,曹福亮,祖元刚. 光强对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 40(03): 9-14. |
[15] | 匡鹤凌,汪贵斌,曹福亮. 氮素对喜树光合作用、营养元素和 喜树碱含量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 40(03): 15-20. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||