【目的】高温和强光都会降低银杏的净光合速率,从而影响银杏叶黄酮、萜内酯的合成,降低其含量。笔者对银杏幼苗进行适当遮阴处理,研究幼苗的重要次生代谢物质含量对遮阴环境做出的响应,以期为银杏的科学培育提供参考。【方法】试验采用种植不同株行距的玉米形成不同遮阴度对银杏幼苗进行遮阴,挑选有规格一致、1年生健壮实生银杏苗的12块样地,同时在银杏幼苗的一侧按照不同距离点播一排玉米种子,待玉米长成稳定高度后,将玉米植株在阳光下形成的投影面积作为实际遮阴面积。试验设置3种玉米株距,即株距30 cm(形成遮光率约30%,编号L1)、株距20 cm(形成遮光率约50%,编号L2)、株距10 cm(形成遮光率约70%,编号L3),以全光照样地作为对照(CK,遮光率0%); 每个区组间空1块地作为隔离带,每个处理3个重复。通过玉米遮阴降低银杏叶片温度和光照强度,测定不同处理下银杏叶片中主要次生代谢产物含量,筛选出有利于提高银杏次生代谢物含量的合适遮阴度。【结果】不同遮阴密度处理下,槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素及总黄酮含量均表现为L1>L2>CK>L3; 银杏内酯 GA、GB、GC以及总内酯含量均表现为L1>L2>L3>CK; 而白果内酯BB的含量则表现为L1>L2>CK>L3。总体来说,L1处理下银杏叶片中的黄酮、总萜内酯以及各个单体的含量方面均表现最高,其次是L2,而L3处理下不利于银杏次生代谢物含量的积累。【结论】L1处理(玉米遮光率约30%)对银杏叶黄酮、萜内酯合成效果最佳,对提高槲皮素、山奈酚素和异鼠李素等3个黄酮单体含量的效果均最好,且L1处理下,3个单体以及总黄酮的含量均高于CK; 随遮阴密度增加,银杏内酯(GA、GB、GC)以及白果内酯BB的含量均呈下降趋势。
Abstract
【Objective】High temperature and strong light reduces the net photosynthetic rate of Ginkgo biloba, which affects the synthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids in G. biloba leaves and decreases their content. Applied a suitable shading treatment was carried out for G. biloba seedlings, and the response of important secondary metabolites to the shading environment was studied, which provided reference for the scientific cultivation of G. biloba.【Method】The experiment included different planting distances of corn to form different degrees of shade for G. biloba seedlings, with the same specifications used as those in the G. biloba seedling nursery. A total of 12 robust 1-year-old G. biloba seedlings were used in the study. A row of corn seeds was placed at different distances on one side of the G. biloba seedlings. No corn was planted in the experiment with full light. After the corn grew to a stable height, the projected area formed by the corn plants in the sun was used as the actual shade area. Three types of corn plant spacing were tested, namely, plant spacing of 30 cm(shading rate of 30%, L1), plant spacing of 20 cm(shading rate of approximately 50%, L2), and plant spacing of 10 cm(shading rate of approximately 70%, L3). A full light treatment was included as the control(shading rate of 0, CK). Each area group had an empty piece of land as an isolation zone and each group contained three replicates. By reducing the temperature and light intensity of ginkgo leaves by shading from corn, the content of the main secondary metabolites in G. biloba leaves was determined under different treatments, and the suitable shading density was selected to increase the content of secondary metabolites of G. biloba.【Result】Under different shading density treatments, the content of quercetin, sanepin, Lisu and total flavonoids all showed differing levels in the order of L1 > L2 > CK > L3. G. biloba lactone GA, GB, GC and total lactone content were expressed as L1 > L2 > L3 > CK. The content of the white fruit lactone BB was expressed as L1 > L2 > CK > L3. In general, the content of flavonoids, total terpene lactones, and individual monomers in G. biloba were the highest under the L1 treatment, followed by L2, and the L3 treatment was not conducive to the accumulation of secondary metabolites in G. biloba.【Conclusion】The L1 treatment had the greatest effect on the synthesis of flavonoids and terpene lactones of G. biloba, and the content of the three flavonoids, namely, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin was higher in the L1 treatment than that in the CK treatment. Thus, with an increase of shade density, G. biloba lactone(GA, GB and GC)and white fruit lactone BB showed a decreasing trend.
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基金
收稿日期:2018-09-26 修回日期:2019-03-23
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600701); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。
第一作者:钱龙梁(1320017732@qq.com),ORCID(0000-0003-3124-8028)。*通信作者:曹福亮(fuliangcaonjfu@163.com),教授,中国工程院院士,ORCID(0000-0002-0594-6968)。
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