杉莲混交林中乳源木莲生长形质、空间利用能力的混交比例效应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201810003

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 89-96.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201810003

杉莲混交林中乳源木莲生长形质、空间利用能力的混交比例效应

欧建德¹(), 吴志庄²^,^*(), 康永武³

1.福建省明溪县林业局,福建明溪 365200
2.国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心, 浙江杭州 310012
3.福建省沙县林业局,福建沙县 365500

收稿日期:2018-10-03 修回日期:2019-03-26 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-02-02
通讯作者: 吴志庄
作者简介:欧建德( smmxojd@163.com),教授级高级工程师,ORCID(0000-0001-5023-1809)。
基金资助:
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(标准化示范[2014]2号);三明市双创城市示范项目((2017)72号)

Effects of mixing proportion on the growth, stem form quality and spatial utilizataion ability of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed forests with Cunninghamia lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis

OU Jiande¹(), WU Zhizhuang²^,^*(), KANG Yongwu³

1. Mingxi County Forestry Bureau of Fujian Province, Mingxi 365200, China
2. China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Shaxian County Forestry Bureau of Fujian Province, Shaxian 365500,China

Received:2018-10-03 Revised:2019-03-26 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02
Contact: WU Zhizhuang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针阔混交林以其有效改善针叶纯林树种结构简单、生态功能低效、生产力低下局面的特点而被广泛推广。杉木乳源木莲混交林(简称为“杉莲混交林”)是中国南方林区重要的混交林类型,系统分析各混交比例类型下乳源木莲生长性状、干形形质以及空间利用能力和综合表现的效应与规律,为科学构建杉莲混交林提供理论依据。【方法】以福建省沙县12年生不同混交比例杉莲混交林和纯林中的乳源木莲为研究对象,调查乳源木莲的生长形质和空间利用能力等系列性状表现,分析乳源木莲在各混交类型中生长、干形形质、空间利用能力等系列性状的差异变化;应用主成分分析法综合有显著混交比例类型效应的乳源木莲生长形质和空间利用能力表现,揭示乳源木莲生长、干形形质、空间利用能力综合表现的混交比例类型效应和变化规律,并基于总体表现进行混交比例类型的评价与优选。【结果】乳源木莲各项生长指标均有显著的混交比例效应,胸径、树高、单株材积随混交比例减少而逐渐增加;乳源木莲尖削度和胸高形数随混交比例减少而逐渐减少,枝下高则随混交比例减少而逐渐增加;乳源木莲冠高、树冠体积、树冠表面积及生长空间指数随混交比例减少而逐渐增大,但树冠圆满度则随混交比例减少而逐渐减小,乳源木莲在生长形质及空间利用能力的综合得分值呈现随混交比例减少而逐渐增大;混交比例对乳源木莲的冠幅和枝下高比例无显著影响。【结论】混交比例类型显著改变杉莲混交林中乳源木莲生长、干形形质和空间利用能力及其综合表现,合理混交比例类型可显著提高其生长、干形形质和空间利用能力,乳源木莲生长、干形形质和空间利用能力等性状有着不同的混交比例效应,开展综合评价十分必要。综上,杉莲混交林在密度为2 500株/hm²时,以2杉1莲混交模式下乳源木莲生长形质及空间利用能力表现最好。

关键词: 乳源木莲, 杉木, 生长性状, 干形形质, 空间利用能力, 主成分分析, 混交比例效应

Abstract:

【Objective】 Coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forests have been widely promoted for their functions in improving the simple structure, low ecological function, and low productivity of pure coniferous stands. Cunninghamia lanceolata and Manglietia yuyuanensis mixed forest is an important type of mixed forest in southern China. The effects and laws of growth, stem form as well as quality, spatial utilization ability, and comprehensive performance of C. lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis mixed forest under different mixing proportions were systematically analyzed, to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific construction of C. lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis mixed forests. 【Method】 M. yuyuanensis trees from 12-year-old C. lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis mixed forests under different mixing proportions and M. yuyuanensis pure stands in Shaxian County of Fujian Province were selected as the research objects. The growth quality, stem form and space utilization ability ofM. yuyuanensis were investigated, and differences as well as changes in growth, stem form quality, and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis under different types were analyzed. Based on the characteristics of growth, stem form quality, and spatial utilization ability, a principal component analysis was applied to the performance of growth form and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis, revealing the mixed proportion effect and change rule of comprehensive performance of growth, stem form quality, and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis and evaluating and optimizing the mixed proportion type based on the overall performance of M. yuyuanensis. 【Result】 The height, DBH(breast-hight diameter) and individual volume ofM. yuyuanensis presented a significant mixed proportion effect. The DBH, height and volume of individual trees increased with the decrease in mixed proportion. Mixed proportion significantly affected tip sharpness, under-branch height, and shape of breast height. The sharpness and form factor of breast height decreased with the decrease in mixing proportion, while the under-branch height increased with a decrease in the mixing proportion. The spatial utilization ability, such as crown length, crown fullness, crown volume, crown surface area, and growth spatial index of M. yuyuanensis were significantly affected by the mixing ratio. The crown length, crown volume, crown surface area, and growth spatial index of M. yuyuanensis increased as mixing ratio decreased, while its crown fullness increased. The mixing proportion significantly affected the comprehensive performance of growth and form quality and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis. The comprehensive score value increased gradually with a decrease in the mixed proportion. Mixing proportion had no significant effect on crown width and under-branch height ofM. yuyuanensis. 【Conclusion】 Mixing proportions can significantly change the growth, stem form quality, spatial utilization ability and comprehensive performance of M. yuyuanensis in C. lanceolata-M. yuyuanensis mixed forests. Rational mixed proportion types can significantly improve the growth, stem form quality, and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis, which is very important. In the mixed forest of C. lanceolata-M. yuyuanensis, the growth, stem form quality, and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis present different mixed proportion effects; therefore, comprehensive studies are needed. At a density below 2 500 plants/hm² in C. lanceolata-M. yuyuanensis mixed forests, the growth quality and spatial utilization ability of M. yuyuanensis performed the best under the model of two C. lanceolata to one M. yuyuanensis.

Key words: Manglietia yuyuanensis, Cunninghamia lanceolate, growth trait, stem form quality, spatial utilization, principal component analysis, mixed-proportion effect

中图分类号:

S758

欧建德,吴志庄,康永武. 杉莲混交林中乳源木莲生长形质、空间利用能力的混交比例效应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 89-96.

OU Jiande, WU Zhizhuang, KANG Yongwu. Effects of mixing proportion on the growth, stem form quality and spatial utilizataion ability of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed forests with Cunninghamia lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(1): 89-96.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201810003.

图/表 3

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混交模式 mixed pattern	代号 code	树种 tree species	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	平均树高/m mean tree height	平均单株材积/m³ average individual volume	树种蓄积/ (m³·hm^-2) volume of tree species	林分总蓄积/ (m³·hm^-2) total stand volume
乳源木莲纯林 M. yuyuanensis pure forest	Ⅰ	乳源木莲 M.yuyuanensis	2 325	11.51	8.33	0.052 6	122.262 4	122.262 4
1杉1莲 mixed forest of 1 C. lanceolata and 1 M.yuyuanensis	Ⅱ	杉木C. lanceolata	1 142	13.45	10.77	0.085 7	97.768 2
		乳源木莲M.yuyuanensis	1 158	12.21	9.07	0.062 0	71.746 1
		合计total	2 300					169.514 3
2杉1莲 mixed forest of 2 C. lanceolata and 1 M.yuyuanensis	Ⅲ	杉木C. lanceolata	1 558	13.17	10.69	0.081 8	127.514 8
		乳源木莲M.yuyuanensis	733	12.60	9.81	0.070 3	51.517 5
		合计total	2 291					179.032 2

混交模式代号 code of mixed pattern	胸径/cm DBH	树高/m tree height	单株材积/m³ individual volume	尖削度/ (cm·m^-1) taperingness	枝下高/m branch height	枝下高比例 branch height ratio	胸高形数 form factor at breast height
Ⅰ	11.51±0.15 b	8.33±0.10 c	0.052 6±0.001 1 c	1.90±0.04 a	3.57 ±0.04 c	0.429±0.000 a	0.606±0.001 a
Ⅱ	12.21±0.28 a	9.07±0.15 b	0.062 0±0.002 9 b	1.65±0.01 b	3.86±0.05 b	0.425±0.006 a	0.584±0.009 b
Ⅲ	12.60±0.35 a	9.81±0.13 a	0.070 3±0.003 9 a	1.56±0.04 c	4.05±0.07 a	0.413±0.010 a	0.574±0.008 b
F	12.10	99.97	28.24	78.35	66.33	4.24	23.32

混交模式代号 code of mixed pattern	平均冠幅/m crown mean width	冠高/m crown length	树冠圆满度 crown fullness ratio	树冠体积/m³ crown volume	树冠表面积/m² crown surface area	生长空间指数/ (m³·cm^-1) growth spatial index	综合得分 comprehensive score
Ⅰ	2.34±0.08 a	4.76±0.06 c	0.55±0.02 a	9.41±0.54 b	20.21±0.57 b	0.70 ±0.03 b	7.54±0.17 c
Ⅱ	2.39±0.07 a	5.21±0.13 b	0.49 ±0.03 b	9.96±0.34 b	21.84±0.20 b	0.70±0.04 b	8.14±0.03 b
Ⅲ	2.48±0.08 a	5.76±0.17 a	0.47±0.00 b	12.46±1.11 a	25.20±1.50 a	0.85±0.08 a	9.26±0.43 a
F	2.72	45.70	11.56	14.51	22.27	7.77	19.18

杉莲混交林中乳源木莲生长形质、空间利用能力的混交比例效应

Effects of mixing proportion on the growth, stem form quality and spatial utilizataion ability of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed forests with Cunninghamia lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis

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