配方施肥对薄壳山核桃苗期养分含量及光合作用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811045

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 169-174.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811045

所属专题：薄壳山核桃专题

配方施肥对薄壳山核桃苗期养分含量及光合作用的影响

郑小琴¹(), 陈文静¹, 曹凡¹, 冯刚¹, 李永荣², 彭方仁¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林学院江苏南京 210037
2.南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司,江苏南京 210007

收稿日期:2018-11-26 修回日期:2019-05-05 出版日期:2019-10-08 发布日期:2019-10-08
通讯作者: 彭方仁
基金资助:
江苏省林业科技创新与推广重大集成项目(LYKJ[2018]05-1);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Effects of the proportional fertilization on the nutrient content and photosynthesis of young grafted pecan seedlings

ZHENG Xiaoqin¹(), CHEN Wenjing¹, CAO Fan¹, FENG Gang¹, LI Yongrong², PENG Fangren¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037, China
2. Green Universe Pecan Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210007, China

Received:2018-11-26 Revised:2019-05-05 Online:2019-10-08 Published:2019-10-08
Contact: PENG Fangren

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)不同配方施肥对薄壳山核桃苗期养分含量及生理特性的影响,筛选薄壳山核桃苗期的最佳施肥方案。【方法】以薄壳山核桃品种‘绍兴’2年生实生苗为砧木,优良品种‘马罕’(‘Mahan’)为接穗,嫁接生长1 a后的幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,根据L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计进行3因子(N、P、K) 3水平(水平1为4 g/株N、2 g/株P、1 g/株K,水平2为6 g/株N、3 g/株P、3 g/株K,水平3为8 g/株N、4 g/株P、5 g/株K)配方施肥试验,研究不同处理对薄壳山核桃幼苗全株及不同组织(根、茎和叶)养分含量(全N、全P和全K)以及叶片叶绿素含量和光合相关指标(净光合速率P_n、气孔导度G_s、胞间CO₂浓度C_i和蒸腾速率T_r)的影响。【结果】配方施肥显著提高了薄壳山核桃全株及幼苗根、茎、叶的全N、全P和全K含量,且全N和全P在不同组织中的含量均表现为叶>根>茎,全K含量表现为根>茎>叶;配方施肥后的叶绿素a、b含量均在7月中旬达到最大;配方施肥对幼苗光合相关指标的影响除T_r外均显著,且表现为N>K>P的处理效应。【结论】配方施肥能够显著提高薄壳山核桃全株及不同组织养分含量、叶片叶绿素含量以及光合作用能力,试验筛选出的最佳配方施肥为T4处理组,即每株施N、P、K肥分别为6、2、5 g。

关键词: 薄壳山核桃, 配方施肥, 营养元素, 光合参数

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) treatments on the nutrient content and physiological characteristics of young grafted pecan seedlings were studied to determine the optimum fertilization scheme. 【Method】 Two-year-old seedlings from native Chinese ‘Shaoxing’ pecan seeds were collected as rootstock and the U.S.-released pecan cultivar ‘Mahan’ as scion. After one year of growth, the young grafted seedlings were transplanted into pots for use as experimental materials. Based on the L ₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental design, fertilization experiments were conducted with three factors, i.e., N, P and K, and three treatments, i.e., N: 4,6,8 g/plant; P: 2,3,4 g/plant; K: 1,3,5 g/plant. The effects of different treatments on the nutrient content (total N, total P and total K) of different tissues (roots, shoots and leaves) and the whole plant as well as the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis-related indicators [net photosynthesis rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and transpiration rate (T_r)] of pecan leaves were tested and analyzed. 【Result】 Proportional fertilization significantly increased the total N, total P and total K contents of the whole plant and all tissues of young grafted pecan seedlings. Among the different tissues, the total N and total P contents were the highest in leaves, followed by the roots and then shoots. Further, the total K content was the highest in the roots, followed by the shoots and then leaves. Chlorophyll a and b contents peaked in mid-July. Proportional fertilization significantly affected the photosynthesis-related indicators of seedlings, exceptT_r; the other indicators were present as N>K>P. 【Conclusion】 Proportional fertilization of pecan seedlings significantly increased the nutrient content of the whole plant and different tissues, chlorophyll content in leaves, and photosynthetic capacity. It was preliminarily concluded that the optimum fertilization ratio for pecan seedlings was that used in the last treatment, i.e., N: 6 g/plant, P: 2 g/plant, and K: 5 g/plant.

Key words: pecan(Carya illinoinensis), proportional fertilization, nutrient elements, photosynthetic parameters

中图分类号:

S718

郑小琴,陈文静,曹凡,等. 配方施肥对薄壳山核桃苗期养分含量及光合作用的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(5): 169-174.

ZHENG Xiaoqin, CHEN Wenjing, CAO Fan, FENG Gang, LI Yongrong, PENG Fangren. Effects of the proportional fertilization on the nutrient content and photosynthesis of young grafted pecan seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 43(5): 169-174.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811045.

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处理编号 treatment No.	因子及处理水平/(g·株^-1) actor and treatment level			处理组合 treatment group
处理编号 treatment No.	N	P	K	处理组合 treatment group
T1	4	2	1	N₁P₁K₁
T2	4	3	3	N₁P₂K₂
T3	4	4	5	N₁P₃K₃
T4	6	2	5	N₂P₁K₃
T5	6	3	1	N₂P₂K₁
T6	6	4	3	N₂P₃K₂
T7	8	2	3	N₃P₁K₂
T8	8	3	5	N₃P₂K₃
T9	8	4	1	N₃P₃K₁
CK	0	0	0	N₀P₀K₀

处理 treatment	TN			TP			TK
处理 treatment	根 root	茎 shoot	叶 leaf	根 root	茎 shoot	叶 leaf	根 root	茎 shoot	叶 leaf
T1	0.18±0.01 d	0.11±0.07 ab	0.70±0.04 d	1.23±0.06 f	0.46±0.06 h	1.68±0.04 f	0.125±0.008 abc	0.097±0.011 c	0.101±0.009 cd
T2	0.07±0.03 e	0.03±0.02 de	0.84±0.14 b	2.49±0.03 a	0.61±0.01 g	2.27±0.01 c	0.101±0.017 d	0.111±0.001 ab	0.106±0.001 bcd
T3	0.30±0.02 bc	0.07±0.01 bcd	0.78±0.06 bcd	2.27±0.12 bc	0.90±0.01 e	1.84±0.02 e	0.126±0.001 abc	0.109±0.005 ab	0.111±0.004 abc
T4	0.36±0.03 a	0.14±0.02 a	0.49±0.04 e	2.29±0.01 bc	1.06±0.01 c	2.67±0.04 b	0.118±0.017 bc	0.120±0.002 a	0.119±0.010 a
T5	0.37±0.01 a	0.04±0.03 de	0.82±0.04 bc	2.44±0.06 a	1.27±0.02 a	2.26±0.00 c	0.121±0.003 abc	0.105±0.006 bc	0.112±0.003 abc
T6	0.37±0.07 a	0.10±0.03 abc	0.74±0.03 bcd	2.20±0.02 c	1.21±0.03 b	3.20±0.07 a	0.126±0.001 abc	0.112±0.003 ab	0.099±0.001 d
T7	0.34±0.03 ab	0.05±0.03 cde	0.71±0.03 cd	2.31±0.04 b	0.96±0.02 d	1.84±0.02 e	0.132±0.001 ab	0.106±0.005 bc	0.116±0.004 ab
T8	0.25±0.01 c	0.07±0.01 bcd	0.84±0.06 b	1.12±0.01 g	0.82±0.02 f	2.00±0.04 d	0.129±0.007 abc	0.115±0.011 ab	0.111±0.008 abc
T9	0.35±0.02 ab	0.02±0.02 de	0.99±0.05 a	1.95±0.01 d	1.02±0.05 c	2.23±0.02 c	0.136±0.005 a	0.110±0.005 ab	0.098±0.003 d
CK	0.01±0.01 f	0.01±0.00 e	0.17±0.04 f	1.67±0.01 e	0.96±0.01 d	1.95±0.06 d	0.113±0.006 cd	0.113±0.005 ab	0.107±0.010 bcd

处理 treatment	P_n/ (μmol· m^-2·s^-1)	G_s/ (μmol· m^-2·s^-1)	C_i/ (μmol· mol^-1)	T_r/ (μmol· m^-2·s^-1)
T1	10.63±0.15 e	208.33±4.51 d	227.00±3.00 f	2.31±0.02b c
T2	11.53±0.06 d	239.67±3.21 a	243.67±0.58 e	2.26±0.01 e
T3	11.67±0.21 d	134.67±1.53 h	208.67±3.21 g	1.51±0.03 g
T4	14.70±0.10 a	242.33±2.52 a	279.67±3.51 a	2.27±0.03 de
T5	12.47±0.21 c	232.00±3.46 b	267.33±1.15 b	2.30±0.01 cd
T6	13.50±0.10 b	214.67±4.16 c	245.00±1.00 e	2.34±0.02 b
T7	9.77±0.06 g	189.33±3.06 e	260.00±2.65 c	1.88±0.02 f
T8	10.40±0.00 f	169.67±0.58 g	250.67±0.58 d	1.45±0.02 h
T9	11.70±0.10 d	183.67±4.16 f	269.33±1.53 b	2.41±0.02 a
CK	9.60±0.17 g	72.33±3.06 i	261.67±1.53 c	0.71±0.03 i

配方施肥对薄壳山核桃苗期养分含量及光合作用的影响

Effects of the proportional fertilization on the nutrient content and photosynthesis of young grafted pecan seedlings

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