缓释肥N/P比及加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生苗生长和养分库构建的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201902007

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 72-80.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201902007

缓释肥N/P比及加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生苗生长和养分库构建的影响

李峰卿¹^,³(), 王秀花², 楚秀丽¹^,^*(), 张东北², 吴小林¹, 周生财², 叶明⁴

1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江省林木育种技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州 311400
2.浙江省庆元县实验林场,浙江庆元 323800
3.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,江西分宜 336600
4.建德市寿昌林场,浙江建德 311612

收稿日期:2019-02-14 修回日期:2019-04-28 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-02-02
通讯作者: 楚秀丽
作者简介:李峰卿( lfqnjfu@163.com),高级工程师,ORCID(0000-0002-1855-6889)。
基金资助:
浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2017SY19);浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2016SY03)

Effects of N/P ratio and loading on growth and construction of nutrients reserves of one-year-old seedlings for five kinds of precious tree species

LI Fengqing¹^,³(), WANG Xiuhua², CHU Xiuli¹^,^*(), ZHANG Dongbei², WU Xiaolin¹, ZHOU Shengcai², YE Ming⁴

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311400, China
2. Experimental Forest Farm of Qingyuan Country, Zhejiang Province, Qingyuan 323800, China
3. Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fenyi 336600,China
4. Forest Farm of Shouchang in Jiande City, Zhejiang Province, Jiande 311612, China

Received:2019-02-14 Revised:2019-04-28 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02
Contact: CHU Xiuli

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 揭示不同缓释肥N与P₂O₅质量比(N/P比)及加载量对浙江楠等5种珍贵树种1年生容器苗生长、N与P素吸收利用及养分库构建的影响,以期为精细化培育珍贵树种容器苗提供科学指导。【方法】 采用4×4两因素析因设计,研究N/P比和加载量对浙江楠等5种珍贵树种1年生容器苗生长发育及N、P库构建的影响。【结果】 缓释肥N/P比、加载量对5树种1年生容器苗生长和干物质积累均有显著或极显著影响。随着N/P比提高,各树种的反应却不一致;当缓释肥加载量为F3(3.5 kg/m³)时, 5树种生长指标和干物质积累均达到最大值。浙江楠、浙江樟和木荷的叶N含量与缓释肥N/P比密切相关,但南方红豆杉和赤皮青冈叶N含量在各N/P比间差异不显著。除浙江楠外,其他4树种的叶P含量在不同N/P比下差异显著,但各树种叶N和P累积量却对N/P比响应均不敏感。较之于N/P比,缓释肥加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生容器苗N、P库构建的影响更明显,叶N、P含量及累积量均在较高的缓释肥加载量F3下达到最高。N、P含量在各树种器官内的变化规律基本一致,说明N、P吸收同步,但不同树种间N、P素在各器官的分配却不同。【结论】 浙江楠容器苗生长及其养分库构建均需高N缓释肥,浙江樟、赤皮青冈和木荷则需要相对高P缓释肥,而南方红豆杉容器苗生长对N/P比要求不严格,但其养分库构建需高N缓释肥;在考虑N/P比的同时,适量(3.5 kg/m³)增施缓释肥,可提高珍贵树种的容器苗质量。

关键词: 浙江楠, 浙江樟, 南方红豆杉, 赤皮青冈, 木荷, 容器苗, N/P比, 缓释肥加载, 养分库

Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide scientific guidance for seedling cultivation in containers, the impacts of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) loading were observed for the growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, and nutrient pool construction of five precious tree species, such as Phoebe chekiangensis. 【Method】 A 4 × 4 factorial experimental design was used to compare the impacts of the N/P mass ratio (1.75:1, 2.25:1, 2.75:1 and 3.25:1) and SRF loading levels (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 kg/m ³) on the growth and N and P nutrient pool construction of one-year-old seedlings.【Result】 Significant effects were detected in the growth and dry matter accumulation between N/P ratios, SRF loading, and their interaction. As the N/P ratio increased, the tree species responded differently. The largest growth and dry matter accumulation of the five precious tree species was detected with 3.5 kg/m³ SRF loading. The N concentration in the leaves of P. chekiangensis, Cinnamomum chekiangense and Schima superba was correlated with the N/P ratio, but there was no difference in the leaf N concentration of Taxus wallichiana and Cyclobalan gilvain. The P concentration in the leaves of all species, except for P. chekiangensis, also significantly differed with varying N/P ratios. However, the N and P accumulation in the leaves of all species were not sensitive to the N/P ratio. The effect of the SRF loading on the nutrient accumulations was more obvious than the N/P ratios; the concentration and accumulation of leaf N and P were highest with 3.5 kg/m³ SRF loading. Changes in the N and P concentrations in the organs of the different species were similar, indicating N/P absorption synchrony, whilst the distribution of N and P among the organs was species-specific. 【Conclusion】 Based on the growth characteristics of the different tree species, seedlings of P. chekiangensis should be loaded with higher N content fertilizer, and the seedlings of Cinnamomum chekiangense, Cyclobalan gilva and S. superba should be loaded with higher P content fertilizer. T. wallichiana seedlings are not sensitive to the N/P ratio, but nutrition construction suggests that it is N/P ratio and adding appropriate amounts of SRF (3.5 kg/m³).

Key words: Phoebe chekiangensis, Cinnamomum chekiangense, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Cyclobalanopsis gilva, Schima superba, container seedling, N/P ratio, slow-release fertilizer loading, nutrient pool

中图分类号:

S722

李峰卿,王秀花,楚秀丽,等. 缓释肥N/P比及加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生苗生长和养分库构建的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 72-80.

LI Fengqing, WANG Xiuhua, CHU Xiuli, ZHANG Dongbei, WU Xiaolin, ZHOU Shengcai, YE Ming. Effects of N/P ratio and loading on growth and construction of nutrients reserves of one-year-old seedlings for five kinds of precious tree species[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(1): 72-80.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201902007.

图/表 6

图1

表1

缓释肥N/P比及加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生容器苗各器官N含量的影响"

树种 species	器官 organs	N/P(A)				加载量(F) loading force
树种 species	器官 organs	A1	A2	A3	A4	F1	F2	F3	F4
浙江楠 P. chekiangensis	根 root	13.51±1.45	14.46±1.44	15.23±2.41	14.78±1.52	13.64±0.99	15.24±1.72	14.65±2.33	14.42±1.78
	茎 stem	2.91±0.45	3.03±0.66	3.17±0.52	3.29±0.32	2.89±0.72	3.04±0.27	3.28±0.40	3.19±0.49
	叶 leaf	8.49±1.50 b	8.43±1.19 b	8.81±1.54 b	10.15±1.25 a	7.44±1.29 C	8.58±0.99 B	9.78±0.75 A	10.07±1.32 A
浙江樟 Cinnamomum chekiangense	根 root	12.40±1.93 B	13.11±0.80 A	11.11±1.00 C	12.81±1.64 AB	11.37±1.02 B	12.53±1.06 AB	13.45±1.57 A	12.06±1.86 B
	茎 stem	3.02±0.36	2.76±0.48	3.28±0.31	2.91±0.39	2.67±0.34 C	2.87±0.33 BC	3.09±0.48 AB	3.34±0.24 A
	叶 leaf	9.41±0.54 ab	10.02±0.87 a	9.78±1.12 ab	9.27±0.99 b	9.04±0.44 b	9.53±0.74 ab	10.19±0.68 a	9.71±1.32 ab
南方红豆杉 T. wallichiana var. mairei	根 root	7.05±1.47 C	9.98±0.97 B	11.51±1.66 A	10.59±1.48 AB	8.48±1.23 b	9.69±1.23 ab	10.98±1.34 a	9.98±1.59 ab
	茎 stem	3.94±0.69	3.89±0.67	3.84±0.74	3.49±0.33	4.43±0.77 A	3.79±0.39 B	3.66±0.29 BC	3.28±0.37 C
	叶 leaf	9.66±1.07	10.00±0.87	10.44±1.10	10.67±0.93	10.06±1.25	9.59±0.83	10.65±1.21	10.46±1.09
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva	根 root	8.52±0.62	9.35±1.43	9.72±1.56	8.55±1.23	9.06±1.13	9.44±1.59	9.13±1.17	8.51±1.37
	茎 stem	3.18±0.55	3.14±0.37	2.97±0.26	3.18±0.45	3.14±0.63	3.17±0.29	3.05±0.20	3.11±0.47
	叶 leaf	11.21±0.99	10.70±1.04	11.76±1.04	10.84±1.06	10.89±1.14	11.01±0.88	11.44±0.89	11.18±1.39
木荷 S.superba	根 root	7.17±0.86 B	6.47±1.23 BC	8.04±0.68 A	6.36±0.77 C	6.67±1.53 b	6.68±1.05 b	7.42±1.06 a	7.28±0.71 ab
	茎 stem	2.23±0.45	2.32±0.55	1.92±0.27	2.10±0.33	2.05±0.29 b	2.20±0.22 ab	2.43±0.60 a	1.89±0.34 b
	叶 leaf	7.72±1.02 A	6.45±1.02 B	6.39±0.89 B	6.99±0.82 B	6.11±0.70 B	6.55±0.78 B	7.40±1.07 A	7.49±0.78 A

表1

表2

缓释肥N/P比及加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生容器苗N累积量的影响"

树种 species	器官 organs	N/P				加载量 loading force
树种 species	器官 organs	A1	A2	A3	A4	F1	F2	F3	F4
浙江楠 P.chekiangensis	叶 leaf	14.64±3.32	14.4±3.21	14.62±5.07	16.44±3.34	10.17±1.95 d	13.86±1.73 c	18.8±1.79 a	17.27±1.70 b
	茎 stem	3.89±1.14	4.00±1.39	3.98±0.85	4.18±1.23	2.82±0.68 d	3.66±0.29 c	5.26±0.70 a	4.32±0.99 b
	根 root	15.43±1.58	16.39±2.36	16.42±4.18	15.39±2.58	14.12±1.30 c	16.41±1.81 ab	17.92±3.25 a	15.19±3.00 bc
浙江樟 Cinnamomun chekiangense	叶 leaf	13.19±2.29	13.7±2.66	11.03±2.26	12.22±3.59	9.8±1.33 d	12.94±1.69 b	16.19±1.76 a	11.21±1.51 c
	茎 stem	2.48±0.54	2.21±0.42	2.14±0.45	2.21±0.58	1.65±0.20 d	2.41±0.27 b	2.82±0.39 a	2.15±0.20 c
	根 root	17.54±3.70	18.76±2.27	16.64±1.71	16.85±3.72	14.18±2.35 b	17.87±2.87 a	19.41±3.87 a	14.34±2.77 b
南方红豆杉 T.wallichiana var. mairei	叶 leaf	6.86±1.80	7.21±1.85	6.94±1.96	7.12±1.94	5.14±0.58 d	6.27±0.78 c	9.67±0.89 a	7.05±0.68 b
	茎 stem	2.18±0.38	2.04±0.33	1.98±0.49	1.81±0.48	1.8±0.35b	1.91±0.31 b	2.59±0.24 a	1.71±0.14 b
	根 root	5.68±2.04 b	8.58±1.79 a	9.01±2.72 a	8.08±1.91 a	5.47±0.77 c	7.45±1.98 b	10.54±1.67 a	7.9±2.02b
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva	叶 leaf	7.83±1.43	8.73±1.87	8.17±0.87	8.96±1.10	7.32±1.01	7.74±0.63	9.89±0.97	8.72±1.32
	茎 stem	1.90±0.45	2.29±0.38	1.93±0.21	2.39±0.31	1.84±0.40	1.95±0.24	2.48±0.40	2.23±0.18
	根 root	11.1±2.79	11.21±2.09	12.01±2.61	10.74±1.59	9.97±1.49	11.42±2.97	12.43±2.2	11.23±1.79
木荷 S.superba	叶 leaf	16.04±2.64	14.62±2.96	15.38±3.71	15.24±2.85	12.23±1.91 c	13.81±1.26 b	17.35±2.50 a	17.9±1.60 a
	茎 stem	4.29±1.40	4.95±1.72	4.12±0.99	4.34±0.7	3.13±0.47 c	4.41±0.51 b	5.81±1.39 a	4.35±0.70 b
	根 root	10.29±2.12 b	9.80±2.55 b	12.27±1.83 a	9.17±1.44 b	9.44±2.76	9.95±2.33	11.06±1.50	11.08±2.19

表2

图2

图3

表3

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树种 species	因素 factor	苗高 seedling height	地径 ground diameter	干物质质量 dry mass	N浓度 N concentration	N累积量 N accumulation	P浓度 P concentration	P累积量 P accumulation
浙江楠 P.chekiangensis	A	7.24^**	9.92^**	0.70	11.70^**	2.37	3.597^*	74.35^**
	F	181.6^**	53.03^**	15.76^**	9.47^**	128.92^**	11.24^**	285.51^**
	A×F	13.21^**	4.77^**	0.89	3.11	10.91^**	4.36^**	24.66^**
浙江樟 Cinnamomum chekiangense	A	30.96^**	12.82^**	12.16^**	4.39^*	52.46^**	2.17	35.96^**
	F	27.13^**	7.71^**	25.85^**	8.40^**	115.66^**	157.3^**	4.58^**
	A×F	5.63^**	5.39^**	1.42	1.56	5.33^**	11.73^**	3.35^*
南方红豆杉 T.wallichiana var. mairei	A	1.43	2.86	1.08	23.04^**	14.61^**	0.63	9.36^**
	F	62.95^**	28.12^**	31.78^**	4.50^*	124.24^**	6.98^**	85.06^**
	A×F	11.65^**	8.03^**	0.75	1.33	2.86^*	4.83^**	14.96^**
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva	A	30.56^**	34.48^**	2.53	5.42^**	1.95	38.41^**	16.91^**
	F	21.27^**	7.88^**	5.60^**	4.33^*	25.28^**	51.32^**	32.37^**
	A×F	5.39^*	1.74	1.23	2.49	8.25^**	13.01^**	30.04^**
木荷 S.superba	A	16.32^**	4.47^**	2.21	10.36^**	5.40^*	57.35^**	24.04^**
	F	160.62^**	51.66^**	10.69^**	5.65^**	59.15^**	52.03^**	119.13^**
	A×F	10.75^**	3.70^**	1.21	1.60	7.89^**	17.48^**	37.04^**

缓释肥N/P比及加载量对5种珍贵树种1年生苗生长和养分库构建的影响

Effects of N/P ratio and loading on growth and construction of nutrients reserves of one-year-old seedlings for five kinds of precious tree species

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