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竹龄对金佛山方竹形态可塑性的影响
Effects of age on morphological plasticity of Chimonobambusa utilis（Keng） Keng f.SU Xiaofei,TONG Jiaming, LI Ming, WANG Fusheng, LIU Guohua
金佛山方竹（Chimonobambusa utilis）为禾本科竹亚科寒竹属植物，是目前寒竹属中保存面积较大、自然分布类型较丰富的竹种，竹笋经济价值较高。分析不同竹龄金佛山方竹冠形、叶形的差异及枝、叶异速生长关系，明确竹龄差异对金佛山方竹形态可塑性的影响，为金佛山方竹的高效培育提供参考。
对1～3年生金佛山方竹各选取30株进行冠形（枝夹角、枝分角、枝长和枝径）和叶形（叶长、叶宽、叶面积和叶干质量）相关指标的调查，利用单因素方差分析比较不同竹龄金佛山方竹的立竹冠形、叶形相关指标的差异，采用标准主轴法分析不同竹龄立竹的叶-枝生物量及其叶面积-叶干质量之间的异速生长关系。
不同竹龄的金佛山方竹枝夹角、枝分角、枝径和叶形指数等方面均无显著差异，而叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干质量和比叶面积随竹龄的增大均呈递增的趋势，且3年生立竹此5项指标均显著大于1年生立竹；由叶-枝生物量异速生长关系分析发现3年生立竹在资源分配上向竹叶倾斜；由叶面积-叶干质量异速生长关系分析发现3年生立竹沿共同异速生长指数位移最大，表明在给定的叶干质量下3年生立竹具有更大的叶面积。
竹龄会对金佛山方竹冠形、叶形及其枝、叶异速生长关系产生明显的影响，其中，冠形对竹龄的变化较为迟钝，叶形较为敏感，3年生金佛山方竹具有较大的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干质量和比叶面积，因而具有较高的生产能力。
Chimonobambusa utilis （Keng） Keng f., a bamboo species that covers a wide area of China s forestland, produces bamboo shoots that can be used for economic purposes. The aims of this study were to ① analyze the differences between crown and leaf shapes of C. utilis at different ages, ② examine the allometric relationship of branch and leaf, ③ study the effect of age on morphological plasticity of C. utilis, which could provide a reference for efficient cultivation of C. utilis.
This study was conducted on 1-3-year-old C. utilis species. The crown and leaf shape indexes of 30 bamboo samples were collected. The One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the crown shape (branch length and diameter, angle between branch as well as culm, and angle between branches) and leaf shape (leaf length, width, area and dry weight) indexes of bamboo of different ages. The standardized major axis was used to analyze the allometric relationship between leaf and branch biomass and also between leaf area and leaf dry weight at different ages.
There were no significant differences between the indexes, including angle between branch and culm, angle between branches, branch diameter, and leaf shape of C. utilis at different ages. Since the leaf length, width, area, dry weight and specific leaf area showed an increasing trend with an increase in bamboo age, and these five indexes of 3-year-old bamboo were significantly larger than those of 1-year-old bamboo. On the contrary, the allometric relationship between branch and leaf biomass showed that 3-year-old bamboo was inclined to allocate resources to the leaves. Hence, we found that 3-year-old bamboo had the largest displacement from the common allometric index in terms of the allometric relationship between leaf area and leaf dry weight, which showed that 3-year-old bamboo had the larger leaf area when the leaf dry weight was constant.
We conclude that age has a significant effect on the crown shape, leaf shape, and allometric relationship between the branch and leaf. We suggest that while leaf shape is sensitive to the change in bamboo age, crown shape is relatively slow to change in relation to age. Generally, a 3-year-old C. utilis has large leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf area, thus, having high aproductive capacity.
金佛山方竹 / 竹龄 / 冠形 / 叶形 / 异速生长关系 / 标准主轴法
Chimonobambusa utilis （Keng） Keng f. / bamboo age / crown shape / leaf shape / allometric relationship / standardized major axis
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