【目的】借助微气候数字模拟软件,研究江南古典园林各景观要素的具体微气候效应,从微气候角度为江南古典园林造园要素的研究提供新的视角,为营造基于气候适应性的中小型园林空间提供理论依据。【方法】以苏州留园中部园林空间为研究对象,开展了微气候现场实测,探索冬夏两季研究对象的基本微气候特征和热环境参数的变化规律。基于实测数据,选取ENVI-met软件作为研究工具,进一步对留园进行景观要素的量变模拟,逐一解析水体面积、植被郁闭度、建筑密度及高度对微气候的影响规律。【结果】江南古典园林各景观要素对微气候的影响程度不同,3种要素对风环境都有一定程度的影响,而水体面积与郁闭度对温湿度的调节作用比景观建筑高度和密度的明显。前两者在日间均有较强的降温、增湿的作用,尤其在夏季中午时段影响最为显著,但对热环境的调节效能却并不随其参数增加而等比增大。【结论】根据风景园林地域特征设置各要素的合适阈值,才能在游园功能、景观感受与热舒适性间找到平衡,从而更加有效地调节庭园的风热环境。

【Objective】 This study provides a new perspective for research relating to the elements of classical gardening in areas south of the Yangtze River with respect to microclimate. With the help of microclimate digital simulation software, the specific microclimate effects of various landscape elements are investigated as a means of providing useful suggestions for the construction of small and medium-sized gardening spaces in the context of climate adaptability. 【Method】 The central part of the Suzhou Lingering Garden space was selected as the study area for micro-climate field measurements, which initially explored the basic microclimate characteristics and the changes in the thermal environment parameters during the winter and summer. Based on the preliminary measured data, we selected ENVI-met software to simulate the quantitative change in the landscape elements in the Lingering Garden, and to analyze the influence of the water area, vegetation canopy density, and building density and height on the microclimate. 【Result】 These three various landscape elements had different influences on the microclimate. They had a certain degree of influence on the wind environment, and the adjustment of the water area and vegetation canopy density to the temperature and humidity was significantly greater than that of the building height and density. The former two elements showed strong cooling and humidification effects during the daytime, especially during the summer afternoons, but the regulation effect on the thermal environment did not increase with an increase in its parameters.【Conclusion】 Using the appropriate thresholds for each element setting allows a balance to be attained among the garden function, the landscape experience, and the thermal comfort; thus allowing for a more effective regulation of the wind and heat environment of a garden.