【目的】 研究目前收集的濒危树种降香黄檀种源的生长和材性性状差异,为广东地区降香黄檀造林提供优良种源。【方法】 对广东省阳江市11年生降香黄檀种源试验林进行调查分析,观测树高、胸径、单株材积、木材基本密度和心材比率,在生长和材性性状统计分析的基础上,分析性状与产地地理气候因子的相关性,并依据聚类和隶属函数分析结果进行早期速生优质种源选择。【结果】 8个种源降香黄檀各性状间均存在显著差异,其中材积和心材比率在种源间的差异最大。胸径和单株材积在种源间的差异达到极显著(P < 0.01)水平,其余3个性状在种源间的差异均达到显著水平( P < 0.05)。降香黄檀各性状间存在一定的相关性,心材比率与胸径性状呈极显著正相关( P < 0.01)。降香黄檀木材基本密度的种源变异主要受种源地年降雨量和年均气温影响,来自年降雨量较少、气温较低地区的降香黄檀种源,其树高、胸径和材积等生长量较大,木材基本密度较大,心材比率也较高。依据相关分析及聚类分析的结果,可以将8个种源大致划分为具有明显地理格局的两类:一类为东部沿海种源,另一类为中西部山脉种源。 【结论】 降香黄檀的遗传分化与年降雨量和年均气温均有一定的关系。初步挑选出生长快、材质优,心材比率高的白沙种源可作为适宜广东地区造林的降香黄檀优良种源。

【Objective】 Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, commonly known as Hainan Huanghuali, Jiangxiang or Hualimu, belongs to the genus Dalbergia, family Papilionoideae. It is a unique redwood tree species in China and is used to make high quality furniture. The variation of provenance and provenance division of growth and wood basic density of D. odorifera were studied, and fast-growing, high-quality provenance was selected preliminarily, which provided strong seedlings for afforestation in Guangdong.【Method】 We analyzed growth (height, diameter at breast height (DBH) as well as single tree volume) and wood traits (wood base density and heartwood ratio) in the 11-year provenance test conducted in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between phenotypic and genotypic characters and original geo-climatic factors. Based on the results generated from cluster analysis and membership function method, the provenances with superior growth and wood properties were selected at early stage. 【Result】 Significant or extremely significant provenance variations were observed in height, DBH, volume, wood basic density and heartwood ratio of D. odorifera, suggesting genetic differentiation among provenances. The variation ranges of provenance for DBH and tree volume were 3.07-13.73 cm and 0.002 156-0.050 541 m³, respectively. The maximum value of provenance was 4.47 and 23.44 times of the minimum value, and the coefficients of variation of provenance phenotype for DBH and tree volume were 26.01% and 61.99%, respectively. Compared to the growth character, the provenance differentiation of wood basic density was relatively small, with the values ranging from 0.416-0.768 g/cm³. The maximum value of provenance was 1.84 times of the minimum value, and the phenotypic variation coefficient of provenance was 8.85%. On an average, 33.54% of D. odorifera plants formed heartwood when 10 years old, and the variation range of provenance was 16.67%-50.00%. No significant positive correlation was observed between wood basic density and height, DBH and volume (0.60, 0.54 and 0.50, respectively). The DBH and volume of D. odorifera provenance were positively correlated with the ratio of heartwood. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that the 8 provenances could be classified into 2 groups with clear geographic structure. The first group consisted of the Northeast coastal provenances zoo of Hainan Island, including Haikou, Wenchang and Wanning provenances, and the second group consisted of Midwest mountain provenances zoo of Hainan, including Bawangling, Dongfang, Wuzhishan, Baisha and Jianfeng provenances. Three growth characters and two wood characters ofD. odorifera were selected for comprehensive evaluation by membership function method used in fuzzy mathematics. The comprehensive evaluation of 8 provenances was different, ranging from 0 to 0.90. The highest average subordinate value was Baisha provenance (0.90), followed by Bawangling provenance (0.61). According to the final evaluation of the comprehensive score, the Baisha provenance was the best. The tree height, DBH, volume, basic density, and the proportion of forming heartwood of Baisha provenance were increased 5.61%, 14.04%, 42.78%, 0.33% and 17.23%, respectively.【Conclusion】 The genetic provenance differentiation of D. odorifera was related to location annual rainfall and average temperature. The local annual precipitation and average temperature were the main climatic factors which led to the variation of wood density for D. odorifera. The provenances tested from lower annual precipitation and annual average temperature region were not only higher in height,diameter and tree volume but also exhibited higher wood basic density and heartwood ratio. Baisha provenance from the middle mountain area with fast growing, highly-quality wood and higher heartwood forming ratio was considered to possess high adaptability for afforestation in Guangdong Province.