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我国城市绿地防灾避险功能研究综述
A review on disaster prevention and reduction function of urban green space in China
城市绿地因其结构特征与功能特性成为城市防灾减灾救灾体系的重要组成部分。明确城市绿地在灾时可承担的防灾功能，梳理总结城市绿地防灾避险功能研究领域的最新进展与动态，对于提高城市绿地的灾时避难功能具有重要的指导意义。以城市绿地为研究对象进行灾时功能分析，对我国城市绿地防灾避险功能研究具有代表性和引领性的理论方法及实践经验进行总结，明确研究成果及未来发展趋势，提出城市绿地防灾避险功能研究方法体系。分析认为，我国城市绿地防灾避险功能理论研究成果展现出灾时功能得到充分发挥、规划方法体系日渐完善、方法技术不断成熟的趋势，实践方面则展现出体系建设和设施建设适用性不断提高的方向。为此，依托城市绿地系统特点，基于新的绿地分类标准，从体系层面的城市绿地系统规划布局入手，调整各类型城市绿地在灾时承担的功能，构建从选址布局、规划、设计到建设管理的系统化研究方法体系。未来的研究应进一步明确各类城市绿地在灾害发生时其空间布局、平面形态及基础设施等方面的防灾避险功能转换可行性，构建新的城市绿地系统布局模式。
The special structural and functional characteristics of urban green space have become an important part of the urban disaster prevention and mitigation system. Identifying the disaster prevention functions that urban green spaces can undertake during a disaster, sorting and summarizing the latest developments in the field of urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions, are of great guiding significance for improving the disaster prevention functions. This paper takes urban green space as the research object to determine disaster time functions and uses qualitative and quantitative methods to objectively analyze the representative theoretical methods and practical experiences of urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions in China. It then clarifies the research results, remaining deficiencies and future trends, and proposes a research method system for urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions. According to the analysis, the current theoretical research on urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions shows that these functions are effectively exerted during disasters, the planning method system is nearing perfection, and the method and technology are maturing. The practical application shows a trend of increasing applicability of system and facility construction. The study, based on the new green space classification standards, starts with the planning and layout of the urban green space system and adjusts the functions that various types of urban green spaces can bear during a disaster in order to build a systematic research method system from the site selection layout, planning and design to construction management. It is also proposed that future research should further clarify the feasibility of transforming the disaster prevention and avoidance functions of various types of urban green space in the event of a disaster, such as its spatial layout, planar form, and infrastructure, and construct a new urban green space system layout model. This can provide the theoretical basis and practical support for research on the improvement of disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions of urban green spaces.
城市绿地规划 / 防灾避险功能 / 避难（险）场所 / 防灾设施
urban green space / disaster prevention and avoidance / risk avoidance shelter / disaster prevention facility
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