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1995—2015年长江中下游流域景观格局时空演变
贾艳艳, 唐晓岚, 唐芳林, 杨阳
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3) : 185-194.
PDF(2635 KB)
PDF(2635 KB)
1995—2015年长江中下游流域景观格局时空演变
Spatial⁃temporal evolution of landscape pattern in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin from 1995 to 2015
定量揭示长江中下游流域景观格局时空演变特征，为进一步优化景观格局和保护长江生态环境提供依据。
以1995年、2005年和2015年土地利用数据为数据源，采用景观动态度、转移矩阵和景观指数等方法，结合地貌特征对长江中下游流域景观格局变化进行分析。
1995—2015年，长江中下游流域景观结构变化明显，耕地、林地、草地的面积减少，湿地、建设用地的面积增加；长江下游建设用地和耕地的变化率显著高于中游。地貌类型上，平原地区集中了研究区43%以上的耕地、82%以上的湿地和64%以上的建设用地，人类活动最剧烈，人地矛盾突出；丘陵山地以林地、草地等自然景观主导，但人类活动的影响也在逐渐加深。耕地、林地、建设用地和湿地动态变化明显；1995—2005年，耕地流向建设用地和湿地分别为3 440.15 和1 705.11 km2；2005—2015年，5 747.13 km2的耕地和1 432.52 km2的林地转变为建设用地。耕地、林地破碎度增强，湿地和建设用地破碎度减弱，建设用地连通性增强，趋于集聚连片分布；整体上景观异质性增强，景观格局趋向复杂化。
近20年长江中下游流域景观格局变化显著，地域差异明显，人类干扰不断增强，必须有针对性地管控人类活动强度。
Revealing the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of landscape pattern in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin quantitatively could provide a basis for further optimizing the landscape pattern and protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.
Utilizing the land-use data for 1995, 2005 and 2015, supported by ArcGIS10.2, Fragstats 4.2 and other software, landscape index, landscape dynamic degree, and transfer matrix were comprehensively applied to analyze the landscape pattern changes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at different spatial-temporal scales in combination with geomorphic features.
From 1995 to 2015, the landscape structure of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River changed significantly. The area of cultivated land, forest land and grass land in the study area decreased, while the area of wetland and construction land increased. However, forest land and cultivated land were the dominant landscapes, accounting for more than 49% and 33%, respectively. The change rate of construction land and cultivated land in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River was significantly higher than that in the middle reaches. In terms of geomorphic types, more than 43% cultivated land, more than 82% wetland, and more than 64% construction land in the study area were concentrated in the plain; on the plain, human activities were the most intense and the contradiction between human and land was prominent. The hilly and mountainous areas were dominated by forest land, grass land and other natural landscapes, but the impact of human activities was also gradually deepening. The dynamic changes of cultivated land, forest land, construction land and wetland were obvious. From 1995 to 2005, the area of cultivated land transformed into construction land and wetland was 3 440.15 km2 and 1 705.11 km2, respectively, mainly concentrated in the plains. From 2005 to 2015, 5 747.13 km2 of cultivated land and 1 432.52 km2 of forest land were converted into construction land, mainly concentrated in the plain, platform and hilly areas. The analysis of landscape pattern index showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation of cultivated land and forest land increased, and that of wetland and construction land decreased. The connectivity of construction land increased, tending to gather and spread together. Between 1995 and 2015, the contagion index (CONTAG) and aggregation index (AI) of the study area decreased, while the edge density (ED), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI) and Shannon’s evenness index (SHEI) increased continuously, indicating that the landscape heterogeneity increased and landscape pattern tended to be complicated.
In the past 20 years, the landscape pattern of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin has changed significantly, with obvious regional differences and increasing human interference. Therefore, the intensity of human activities must be controlled in a targeted way.
landscape pattern / landscape index / spatial-temporal evolution / the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
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